CISSN LATEST EXAMS SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What are the fat soluble vitamins? - ✔✔E, A, D, K
✔✔What are the water soluble vitamins? - ✔✔niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, biotin, B6, B12,
folate, pantothenic acid
✔✔What serves as the major source of CHO energy during exercise? - ✔✔glycogen
✔✔Is caffeine banned by the IOC? Creatine? Whey? - ✔✔no
✔✔How does an extremely high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet affect appetite? -
✔✔should suppress appetite due to increase satiety
✔✔What does calcium do in the body? - ✔✔-provides crystalline structure to bones
-most abundant mineral
-required for normal cellular function
-stimulate muscle contractions
✔✔What is a byproduct of incomplete fat oxidation? - ✔✔ketones and acylcarnitines
,✔✔What are the functions of cholesterol? - ✔✔formation of steroid hormones, vitamin
D, bile salts, integral part of cell membrane and myelin
✔✔How does blood lactate change during exercise? - ✔✔depending on the exercise
intensity it increases until it reaches a saturation point
✔✔What is protein's role as a fuel source during exercise? - ✔✔last resort through
gluconeogenesis, unless free floating BCAA's are available
✔✔What are the effects of high fructose consumption? - ✔✔-increased caloric intake
and body weight
-can cause GI distress and diarrhea
✔✔What are lipids and what are they comprised of? - ✔✔-lipids: a class of compounds
consisting of triglycerols, sterols, and phospholipids (FAT)
-glycerols: a three-carbon molecule that when released from storage can be recycled in
the liver for the creating of new blood glucose through gluconeogenesis
-fatty acids: chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms (aliphatic chains)
✔✔What are the differences in thermoregulation between men and women? - ✔✔if
body composition is the same, there is no significant difference
✔✔What is L-Carnitine? - ✔✔-in living cells, it is required for the transport of fatty acids
from the cytosol into the mitochondria during the breakdown of lipids for the generation
of metabolic energy
-the carnitines exert a substantial antioxidant action, thereby providing a protective
effect against lipid preoccupation of phospholipid membranes and against oxidative
stress induced at the myocardial and endothelial cell level
✔✔What is GPLC? What effects does it seem to have on exercise metabolism and
performance? - ✔✔-glycine propionyl-l-carnitine
-can enhance peak power production in resistance trained males with significantly less
LAC accumulation
✔✔What are retinoids? List them. - ✔✔-a class of chemical compounds that are related
chemically to vitamin A
-they are used in medicine, primarily due to the way they regulate epithelial cell growth.
Retinoids have many important and diverse functions throughout the body including
roles in vision, regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, growth of bone tissue,
immune function, and activation of tumor suppressor genes
-retinol, retinal, tretinoin (retinoid acid, Retin-A), isotretinoin, altitretinoin, etretinate,
acitretin, tazarotene, bexarotene, adapalene
✔✔Know the various reactions involving CK, C phosphorylase, ATP kinase, and ATP
phosphorylase - ✔✔-CK: ADP + CP--> ATP (CK enzyme dependent)
, -ATP Kinase: ADP + ADP==>ATP + P (ATP Kinase dependent)
-Creatine Phosphorylase: C=P--> CP (C phosphorylase dependent)
-ATP phosphorylase: ADP + P--> ATP (ATP P dependent)
✔✔What is the effect of CHO consumption before versus during exercise? -
✔✔improves performance
✔✔What is phosphatidylserine and what are its purported ergogenic effects? - ✔✔-PS
is a major phospholipid of all cell membranes
-synthesized directly on the mitochondrial-associate membrane
-effective liposomal delivery medium for improving the absorption of GABA
-improves glucose concentration in the brain, NA, K, ATP, and ACh from the brain
-blunts exercise induced Ach and cortisol in healthy adults
-anti-catabolic, increased mental, increased recovery
✔✔What is IGF-1 and where is it produced? - ✔✔-insulin-like growth factor 1
-secreted by liver
-protein synthesis
✔✔Know the correlation between high/low fat diet and testosterone - ✔✔resting
testosterone concentrations are positively correlated with fatty acids, monounsaturated
FA, and percent energy from fat
✔✔Which vitamin is lacking in a Vegan diet? - ✔✔active form of B12
✔✔What are the contractile proteins in muscles? - ✔✔myosin, actin, troponin,
tropomyosin
✔✔What are the cytoskeletal proteins in muscles? - ✔✔alpha actinin, titin, nebulin
✔✔What are the branched chain amino acids (BCAA's)? - ✔✔leucine, isoleucine, valine
✔✔What is the most common side effect of creatine as reported in scientific literature? -
✔✔While the only clinically significant side effect reported in the research literature is
that of weight gain, many anecdotal claims of side effects including dehydration,
cramping, kidney and liver damage, musculoskeletal injury, gastrointestinal distress,
and anterior (leg) compartment syndrome still exist in the media and popular literature
✔✔What is the RDA for protein? - ✔✔sedentary: 0.8 g/kg
rec exerciser: 1.0-1.4 g/kg
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What are the fat soluble vitamins? - ✔✔E, A, D, K
✔✔What are the water soluble vitamins? - ✔✔niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, biotin, B6, B12,
folate, pantothenic acid
✔✔What serves as the major source of CHO energy during exercise? - ✔✔glycogen
✔✔Is caffeine banned by the IOC? Creatine? Whey? - ✔✔no
✔✔How does an extremely high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet affect appetite? -
✔✔should suppress appetite due to increase satiety
✔✔What does calcium do in the body? - ✔✔-provides crystalline structure to bones
-most abundant mineral
-required for normal cellular function
-stimulate muscle contractions
✔✔What is a byproduct of incomplete fat oxidation? - ✔✔ketones and acylcarnitines
,✔✔What are the functions of cholesterol? - ✔✔formation of steroid hormones, vitamin
D, bile salts, integral part of cell membrane and myelin
✔✔How does blood lactate change during exercise? - ✔✔depending on the exercise
intensity it increases until it reaches a saturation point
✔✔What is protein's role as a fuel source during exercise? - ✔✔last resort through
gluconeogenesis, unless free floating BCAA's are available
✔✔What are the effects of high fructose consumption? - ✔✔-increased caloric intake
and body weight
-can cause GI distress and diarrhea
✔✔What are lipids and what are they comprised of? - ✔✔-lipids: a class of compounds
consisting of triglycerols, sterols, and phospholipids (FAT)
-glycerols: a three-carbon molecule that when released from storage can be recycled in
the liver for the creating of new blood glucose through gluconeogenesis
-fatty acids: chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms (aliphatic chains)
✔✔What are the differences in thermoregulation between men and women? - ✔✔if
body composition is the same, there is no significant difference
✔✔What is L-Carnitine? - ✔✔-in living cells, it is required for the transport of fatty acids
from the cytosol into the mitochondria during the breakdown of lipids for the generation
of metabolic energy
-the carnitines exert a substantial antioxidant action, thereby providing a protective
effect against lipid preoccupation of phospholipid membranes and against oxidative
stress induced at the myocardial and endothelial cell level
✔✔What is GPLC? What effects does it seem to have on exercise metabolism and
performance? - ✔✔-glycine propionyl-l-carnitine
-can enhance peak power production in resistance trained males with significantly less
LAC accumulation
✔✔What are retinoids? List them. - ✔✔-a class of chemical compounds that are related
chemically to vitamin A
-they are used in medicine, primarily due to the way they regulate epithelial cell growth.
Retinoids have many important and diverse functions throughout the body including
roles in vision, regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, growth of bone tissue,
immune function, and activation of tumor suppressor genes
-retinol, retinal, tretinoin (retinoid acid, Retin-A), isotretinoin, altitretinoin, etretinate,
acitretin, tazarotene, bexarotene, adapalene
✔✔Know the various reactions involving CK, C phosphorylase, ATP kinase, and ATP
phosphorylase - ✔✔-CK: ADP + CP--> ATP (CK enzyme dependent)
, -ATP Kinase: ADP + ADP==>ATP + P (ATP Kinase dependent)
-Creatine Phosphorylase: C=P--> CP (C phosphorylase dependent)
-ATP phosphorylase: ADP + P--> ATP (ATP P dependent)
✔✔What is the effect of CHO consumption before versus during exercise? -
✔✔improves performance
✔✔What is phosphatidylserine and what are its purported ergogenic effects? - ✔✔-PS
is a major phospholipid of all cell membranes
-synthesized directly on the mitochondrial-associate membrane
-effective liposomal delivery medium for improving the absorption of GABA
-improves glucose concentration in the brain, NA, K, ATP, and ACh from the brain
-blunts exercise induced Ach and cortisol in healthy adults
-anti-catabolic, increased mental, increased recovery
✔✔What is IGF-1 and where is it produced? - ✔✔-insulin-like growth factor 1
-secreted by liver
-protein synthesis
✔✔Know the correlation between high/low fat diet and testosterone - ✔✔resting
testosterone concentrations are positively correlated with fatty acids, monounsaturated
FA, and percent energy from fat
✔✔Which vitamin is lacking in a Vegan diet? - ✔✔active form of B12
✔✔What are the contractile proteins in muscles? - ✔✔myosin, actin, troponin,
tropomyosin
✔✔What are the cytoskeletal proteins in muscles? - ✔✔alpha actinin, titin, nebulin
✔✔What are the branched chain amino acids (BCAA's)? - ✔✔leucine, isoleucine, valine
✔✔What is the most common side effect of creatine as reported in scientific literature? -
✔✔While the only clinically significant side effect reported in the research literature is
that of weight gain, many anecdotal claims of side effects including dehydration,
cramping, kidney and liver damage, musculoskeletal injury, gastrointestinal distress,
and anterior (leg) compartment syndrome still exist in the media and popular literature
✔✔What is the RDA for protein? - ✔✔sedentary: 0.8 g/kg
rec exerciser: 1.0-1.4 g/kg
