CISSN LATEST EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What are ketones? How are they produced? - ✔✔Ketones are molecules that are
formed from fat metabolism byproducts when insufficient carbohydrates are available
for complete metabolizing of fats
✔✔What are the functions of cholesterol? - ✔✔•Provides proper structure of cell
membranes, especially in nerves and brain tissues
•Produces vitamin D in the body
•Forms steroid hormones like progestins, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogen
•Manufacture of bile acids
✔✔List dietary sources of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. - ✔✔•Unsaturated fats
- mainly in plant products (olives, olive oil, canola oil, avocados, nuts, seeds, flax)
•Saturated fats - mainly in animal products (meats, dairy, cheeses, butter, margarine)
✔✔What is the type of fatty acid that contains two or more double bonds along the main
carbon chain? - ✔✔Polyunsaturated fatty acid
✔✔What effect does supplementing with Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) have on muscle
damage? - ✔✔Supplementing with Whey Protein Isolate increases protein synthesis
and reduces muscle damage following exercise
, ✔✔What is the glucose-alanine cycle? - ✔✔Process whereby glucose undergoes
glycolysis to yield pyruvate with some of the pyruvate being converted to alanine
through the addition of an amino group. The alanine then travels to the liver where it is
deaminated, and the resulting pyruvate is converted back to glucose for release into the
blood
✔✔What are essential amino acids? What are some conditionally essential amino
acids? - ✔✔EAA's must be consumed in the diet, they cannot be created in the body.
Conditionally essential amino acids are normally non-essential but become essential
under certain circumstances. Tyrosine and cysteine are examples.
✔✔What is protein and what it is used for in the body? - ✔✔•Protein is a molecule made
up of hundreds of amino acids linked together. Roles include:
•Blood transport, tissue building, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, fluid balance, acid-
base balance, energy, and cellular signaling
✔✔Which amino acid is considered to be the most naturally abundant in plasma and
skeletal muscle? - ✔✔Glutamine
✔✔Which common food (hint: a drink) has been shown to be an effective aid to post-
exercise muscle recovery? - ✔✔Chocolate Milk (cow's milk)
✔✔Name the branched chain amino acids - ✔✔Leucine, isoleucine, valine
✔✔What is the RDA for protein? - ✔✔0.8g/kg body mass
✔✔What is a major gluconeogenic amino acid? - ✔✔Alanine
✔✔Which amino acid, together with insulin, allows protein synthesis to be coordinated
with dietary intake? - ✔✔Leucine
✔✔What is the main difference between whey protein concentrate, whey protein isolate,
and whey protein hydrolysate? - ✔✔•Concentrate - 70-80% protein
•Isolate - 90% protein
•Hydrolysate - isolate proteins broken down into di and tri peptides for faster absorption
✔✔Based on recent studies, which vitamin shows evidence of positively affecting
muscle function? (hint: sunshine) - ✔✔Vitamin D
✔✔What role do vitamins play in metabolism? - ✔✔Vitamins serve as co-enzymes for
the metabolic pathways that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins for energy
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What are ketones? How are they produced? - ✔✔Ketones are molecules that are
formed from fat metabolism byproducts when insufficient carbohydrates are available
for complete metabolizing of fats
✔✔What are the functions of cholesterol? - ✔✔•Provides proper structure of cell
membranes, especially in nerves and brain tissues
•Produces vitamin D in the body
•Forms steroid hormones like progestins, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogen
•Manufacture of bile acids
✔✔List dietary sources of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. - ✔✔•Unsaturated fats
- mainly in plant products (olives, olive oil, canola oil, avocados, nuts, seeds, flax)
•Saturated fats - mainly in animal products (meats, dairy, cheeses, butter, margarine)
✔✔What is the type of fatty acid that contains two or more double bonds along the main
carbon chain? - ✔✔Polyunsaturated fatty acid
✔✔What effect does supplementing with Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) have on muscle
damage? - ✔✔Supplementing with Whey Protein Isolate increases protein synthesis
and reduces muscle damage following exercise
, ✔✔What is the glucose-alanine cycle? - ✔✔Process whereby glucose undergoes
glycolysis to yield pyruvate with some of the pyruvate being converted to alanine
through the addition of an amino group. The alanine then travels to the liver where it is
deaminated, and the resulting pyruvate is converted back to glucose for release into the
blood
✔✔What are essential amino acids? What are some conditionally essential amino
acids? - ✔✔EAA's must be consumed in the diet, they cannot be created in the body.
Conditionally essential amino acids are normally non-essential but become essential
under certain circumstances. Tyrosine and cysteine are examples.
✔✔What is protein and what it is used for in the body? - ✔✔•Protein is a molecule made
up of hundreds of amino acids linked together. Roles include:
•Blood transport, tissue building, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, fluid balance, acid-
base balance, energy, and cellular signaling
✔✔Which amino acid is considered to be the most naturally abundant in plasma and
skeletal muscle? - ✔✔Glutamine
✔✔Which common food (hint: a drink) has been shown to be an effective aid to post-
exercise muscle recovery? - ✔✔Chocolate Milk (cow's milk)
✔✔Name the branched chain amino acids - ✔✔Leucine, isoleucine, valine
✔✔What is the RDA for protein? - ✔✔0.8g/kg body mass
✔✔What is a major gluconeogenic amino acid? - ✔✔Alanine
✔✔Which amino acid, together with insulin, allows protein synthesis to be coordinated
with dietary intake? - ✔✔Leucine
✔✔What is the main difference between whey protein concentrate, whey protein isolate,
and whey protein hydrolysate? - ✔✔•Concentrate - 70-80% protein
•Isolate - 90% protein
•Hydrolysate - isolate proteins broken down into di and tri peptides for faster absorption
✔✔Based on recent studies, which vitamin shows evidence of positively affecting
muscle function? (hint: sunshine) - ✔✔Vitamin D
✔✔What role do vitamins play in metabolism? - ✔✔Vitamins serve as co-enzymes for
the metabolic pathways that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins for energy
