WGU D115 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) Q&A 2026 INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which of the following best describes cellular adaptation to
chronic stress?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
C. Hypertrophy
D. Autolysis
Rationale: Cellular adaptation includes reversible changes such
as hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, and metaplasia in
response to stress.
Correct Answer: C. Hypertrophy
2. What is the primary mechanism of hypoxic cell injury?
A. Excess ATP production
B. Mitochondrial failure leading to ATP depletion
C. Increased protein synthesis
D. DNA replication errors
Rationale: Hypoxia disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, leading
to ATP depletion and cell dysfunction.
Correct Answer: B. Mitochondrial failure leading to ATP
depletion
,3. Which type of necrosis is most associated with tuberculosis
infection?
A. Liquefactive
B. Coagulative
C. Caseous
D. Fat necrosis
Rationale: Caseous necrosis is classically seen in TB
granulomas.
Correct Answer: C. Caseous
4. Which inflammatory mediator is responsible for
vasodilation and pain?
A. Histamine
B. Insulin
C. Hemoglobin
D. Thrombin
Rationale: Histamine increases vascular permeability and
contributes to pain and redness.
Correct Answer: A. Histamine
5. Which leukocyte is most active in allergic reactions?
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
,C. Basophils
D. Monocytes
Rationale: Eosinophils are involved in allergic responses and
parasitic infections.
Correct Answer: B. Eosinophils
6. Which immune response is mediated by T lymphocytes?
A. Humoral immunity
B. Cell-mediated immunity
C. Passive immunity
D. Innate immunity
Rationale: T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immune
responses.
Correct Answer: B. Cell-mediated immunity
7. Which condition is characterized by uncontrolled cell
growth?
A. Dysplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Neoplasia
D. Atrophy
Rationale: Neoplasia refers to abnormal, uncontrolled cell
proliferation.
Correct Answer: C. Neoplasia
, 8. Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with cardiac
arrhythmias?
A. Sodium excess
B. Calcium deficiency
C. Potassium imbalance
D. Chloride excess
Rationale: Potassium levels directly affect cardiac conduction.
Correct Answer: C. Potassium imbalance
9. What is the primary effect of aldosterone?
A. Sodium excretion
B. Potassium retention
C. Sodium retention and potassium excretion
D. Glucose metabolism
Rationale: Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and
potassium excretion in the kidneys.
Correct Answer: C. Sodium retention and potassium excretion
10. Which condition is caused by autoimmune destruction of
pancreatic beta cells?
A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
B. Diabetes insipidus
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) Q&A 2026 INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which of the following best describes cellular adaptation to
chronic stress?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
C. Hypertrophy
D. Autolysis
Rationale: Cellular adaptation includes reversible changes such
as hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, and metaplasia in
response to stress.
Correct Answer: C. Hypertrophy
2. What is the primary mechanism of hypoxic cell injury?
A. Excess ATP production
B. Mitochondrial failure leading to ATP depletion
C. Increased protein synthesis
D. DNA replication errors
Rationale: Hypoxia disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, leading
to ATP depletion and cell dysfunction.
Correct Answer: B. Mitochondrial failure leading to ATP
depletion
,3. Which type of necrosis is most associated with tuberculosis
infection?
A. Liquefactive
B. Coagulative
C. Caseous
D. Fat necrosis
Rationale: Caseous necrosis is classically seen in TB
granulomas.
Correct Answer: C. Caseous
4. Which inflammatory mediator is responsible for
vasodilation and pain?
A. Histamine
B. Insulin
C. Hemoglobin
D. Thrombin
Rationale: Histamine increases vascular permeability and
contributes to pain and redness.
Correct Answer: A. Histamine
5. Which leukocyte is most active in allergic reactions?
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
,C. Basophils
D. Monocytes
Rationale: Eosinophils are involved in allergic responses and
parasitic infections.
Correct Answer: B. Eosinophils
6. Which immune response is mediated by T lymphocytes?
A. Humoral immunity
B. Cell-mediated immunity
C. Passive immunity
D. Innate immunity
Rationale: T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immune
responses.
Correct Answer: B. Cell-mediated immunity
7. Which condition is characterized by uncontrolled cell
growth?
A. Dysplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Neoplasia
D. Atrophy
Rationale: Neoplasia refers to abnormal, uncontrolled cell
proliferation.
Correct Answer: C. Neoplasia
, 8. Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with cardiac
arrhythmias?
A. Sodium excess
B. Calcium deficiency
C. Potassium imbalance
D. Chloride excess
Rationale: Potassium levels directly affect cardiac conduction.
Correct Answer: C. Potassium imbalance
9. What is the primary effect of aldosterone?
A. Sodium excretion
B. Potassium retention
C. Sodium retention and potassium excretion
D. Glucose metabolism
Rationale: Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and
potassium excretion in the kidneys.
Correct Answer: C. Sodium retention and potassium excretion
10. Which condition is caused by autoimmune destruction of
pancreatic beta cells?
A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
B. Diabetes insipidus
