MSP II EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Cardiovascular and pulmonary systems - Correct Answers -Work together in oxygen
transport.
Heart - Correct Answers -Pumps blood to the lungs (right side) and the body (left side).
Lungs - Correct Answers -Bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Physical Therapists (PTs) - Correct Answers -Often important screeners for
undiagnosed or underlying conditions.
Modifiable risk factors - Correct Answers -Smoking, inactivity, poor nutrition, obesity,
stress, poor sleep, hypertension, hyperlipidemia.
Non-Modifiable risk factors - Correct Answers -Age > 55 (men), > 65 (women), family
history, male sex, history of disease.
General Symptoms (Cardiovascular & Pulmonary) - Correct Answers -Chest pain, SOB
(Shortness of Breath), syncope (fainting), palpitations, leg swelling, hemoptysis
(coughing blood), night sweats, weight loss, abnormal vitals (e.g., O₂ < 90%).
Pulmonary Specific Symptoms - Correct Answers -Fever, diaphoresis, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, pallor, dizziness, fatigue.
Cardiac Referred Pain - Correct Answers -Left chest, left jaw/arm, and upper back.
Pulmonary Referred Pain - Correct Answers -Chest, scapula, and upper abdomen.
Specific Trigger Warnings - Correct Answers -Shoulder pain that increases with
breathing or when supine may indicate a pulmonary concern.
General Screening Questions - Correct Answers -Any recent cough, wheezing, or SOB?
Do symptoms worsen with exertion or rest? Do you smoke or have a history of
respiratory disease?
, CT Angiography (CTA) - Correct Answers -Visualizes blood vessels using contrast.
Main indication is suspicion of Pulmonary Embolism (PE). Gold standard for Aortic
Dissection.
Pulmonary Angiography (PA) - Correct Answers -Gold standard test for diagnosing PE.
Coronary Angiography - Correct Answers -Detects obstruction of blood flow (arterial
stenosis); gauges severity of obstructive CAD and guides interventions (e.g., stent
placement).
Detailed Pulmonary Questions - Correct Answers -Ask about frequency, onset, and
relieving factors of symptoms. Inquire about any chemical or environmental exposure.
Heart Sounds (Auscultation) - Correct Answers -S₁ (lub): closure of mitral & tricuspid
valves. S₂ (dub): closure of aortic & pulmonic valves.
Abnormal Heart Sounds - Correct Answers -S₃: possible heart failure. S₄: decreased
ventricular compliance. Murmurs (turbulent flow).
Lung Percussion Normal Findings - Correct Answers -Resonant.
Abnormal Lung Percussion Findings - Correct Answers -Dull: consolidation or fluid (e.g.,
pleural effusion). Hyperresonant: hyperinflation (e.g., emphysema).
Lung Auscultation (Adventitious Sounds) - Correct Answers -Vesicular (normal, soft,
low-pitched). Bronchial (high-pitched over trachea).
Abnormal Lung Auscultation Sounds - Correct Answers -Crackles/Rales: fluid in alveoli.
Wheezes: airway narrowing. Rhonchi: mucus in large airways.
Immediate Referral Criteria - Correct Answers -Chest pain at rest, pain not relieved by
rest or nitroglycerin, or associated symptoms (nausea, SOB).
Urgent MD Referral/Consultation - Correct Answers -Chest pain unrelieved by rest or
nitro. Dyspnea at rest. Rapid weight gain or swelling.
Hypertension (HTN) - Correct Answers -Sustained elevation in arterial BP.
Narrowing/stiffening of arteries increases systemic resistance. Leads to LV hypertrophy
and vascular damage.
Orthostatic Hypotension (OH) - Correct Answers -Drop in BP upon standing (Systolic ≥
20 mmHg or Diastolic ≥ 10 mmHg) within 3 minutes. Due to blood pooling → decreased
venous return → decreased cardiac output.
CORRECT ANSWERS
Cardiovascular and pulmonary systems - Correct Answers -Work together in oxygen
transport.
Heart - Correct Answers -Pumps blood to the lungs (right side) and the body (left side).
Lungs - Correct Answers -Bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Physical Therapists (PTs) - Correct Answers -Often important screeners for
undiagnosed or underlying conditions.
Modifiable risk factors - Correct Answers -Smoking, inactivity, poor nutrition, obesity,
stress, poor sleep, hypertension, hyperlipidemia.
Non-Modifiable risk factors - Correct Answers -Age > 55 (men), > 65 (women), family
history, male sex, history of disease.
General Symptoms (Cardiovascular & Pulmonary) - Correct Answers -Chest pain, SOB
(Shortness of Breath), syncope (fainting), palpitations, leg swelling, hemoptysis
(coughing blood), night sweats, weight loss, abnormal vitals (e.g., O₂ < 90%).
Pulmonary Specific Symptoms - Correct Answers -Fever, diaphoresis, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, pallor, dizziness, fatigue.
Cardiac Referred Pain - Correct Answers -Left chest, left jaw/arm, and upper back.
Pulmonary Referred Pain - Correct Answers -Chest, scapula, and upper abdomen.
Specific Trigger Warnings - Correct Answers -Shoulder pain that increases with
breathing or when supine may indicate a pulmonary concern.
General Screening Questions - Correct Answers -Any recent cough, wheezing, or SOB?
Do symptoms worsen with exertion or rest? Do you smoke or have a history of
respiratory disease?
, CT Angiography (CTA) - Correct Answers -Visualizes blood vessels using contrast.
Main indication is suspicion of Pulmonary Embolism (PE). Gold standard for Aortic
Dissection.
Pulmonary Angiography (PA) - Correct Answers -Gold standard test for diagnosing PE.
Coronary Angiography - Correct Answers -Detects obstruction of blood flow (arterial
stenosis); gauges severity of obstructive CAD and guides interventions (e.g., stent
placement).
Detailed Pulmonary Questions - Correct Answers -Ask about frequency, onset, and
relieving factors of symptoms. Inquire about any chemical or environmental exposure.
Heart Sounds (Auscultation) - Correct Answers -S₁ (lub): closure of mitral & tricuspid
valves. S₂ (dub): closure of aortic & pulmonic valves.
Abnormal Heart Sounds - Correct Answers -S₃: possible heart failure. S₄: decreased
ventricular compliance. Murmurs (turbulent flow).
Lung Percussion Normal Findings - Correct Answers -Resonant.
Abnormal Lung Percussion Findings - Correct Answers -Dull: consolidation or fluid (e.g.,
pleural effusion). Hyperresonant: hyperinflation (e.g., emphysema).
Lung Auscultation (Adventitious Sounds) - Correct Answers -Vesicular (normal, soft,
low-pitched). Bronchial (high-pitched over trachea).
Abnormal Lung Auscultation Sounds - Correct Answers -Crackles/Rales: fluid in alveoli.
Wheezes: airway narrowing. Rhonchi: mucus in large airways.
Immediate Referral Criteria - Correct Answers -Chest pain at rest, pain not relieved by
rest or nitroglycerin, or associated symptoms (nausea, SOB).
Urgent MD Referral/Consultation - Correct Answers -Chest pain unrelieved by rest or
nitro. Dyspnea at rest. Rapid weight gain or swelling.
Hypertension (HTN) - Correct Answers -Sustained elevation in arterial BP.
Narrowing/stiffening of arteries increases systemic resistance. Leads to LV hypertrophy
and vascular damage.
Orthostatic Hypotension (OH) - Correct Answers -Drop in BP upon standing (Systolic ≥
20 mmHg or Diastolic ≥ 10 mmHg) within 3 minutes. Due to blood pooling → decreased
venous return → decreased cardiac output.
