Environmental Engineering Final Exam – Complete Study Guide, Review &
Practice Questions
Γ - correct answer ✔✔-0.01°C/m
(-1°C)/(100m)
dt/dz: <Γ unstable, >Γ stable, =Γ neutral
Conservative compound - correct answer ✔✔Compounds not affected by chemical or biological
reactions. No change in mass (ṁ rxn)=0
Mass accumulation rate - correct answer ✔✔Rate of change of mass within the control volume
Control volume - correct answer ✔✔Bouderies across which (ṁ in) and (ṁ out) are determined
Steady state - correct answer ✔✔Conditions don't change with time, the concentration within
the control volume remains constant, dm/dt=0
Nonsteady-state - correct answer ✔✔Mass in control volume change with time, dm/dt≠0
Viscosity - correct answer ✔✔Measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow
Molarity - correct answer ✔✔Number of moles per liter of solution
Alkalinity - correct answer ✔✔Capacity of water to neutralize acids without a significant change
in the pH value
, Precipitation reaction - correct answer ✔✔Dissolved substances react to form one or more solid
products
Acid-base reaction - correct answer ✔✔Hydrogen (H+) transferred from one chemical species to
another.
Oxidation-reduction reaction - correct answer ✔✔Oxidation states of atoms are changed
Buffer - correct answer ✔✔Solutions that can resist changes in pH
Suspended substance - correct answer ✔✔heterogeneous mixture whose (relatively large)
particles will settle out upon standing
Colloidal substance - correct answer ✔✔homogeneous/heterogeneous depending on source
particles (medium sized) will not settle out upon standing
Dissolved substance - correct answer ✔✔homogeneously dispersed in the liquid
Turbidity - correct answer ✔✔clarity of water, higher turbidity=less clear
Natural organic matter (NOM) - correct answer ✔✔organic compounds found in water derived
from decaying plant and animal matter, naturally occuring or caused by humans
Pathogen - correct answer ✔✔microorganisms that can cause sickness or disease
viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths
Coagulant - correct answer ✔✔substance (chemical) that is added to water to accomplish
coagulation
Practice Questions
Γ - correct answer ✔✔-0.01°C/m
(-1°C)/(100m)
dt/dz: <Γ unstable, >Γ stable, =Γ neutral
Conservative compound - correct answer ✔✔Compounds not affected by chemical or biological
reactions. No change in mass (ṁ rxn)=0
Mass accumulation rate - correct answer ✔✔Rate of change of mass within the control volume
Control volume - correct answer ✔✔Bouderies across which (ṁ in) and (ṁ out) are determined
Steady state - correct answer ✔✔Conditions don't change with time, the concentration within
the control volume remains constant, dm/dt=0
Nonsteady-state - correct answer ✔✔Mass in control volume change with time, dm/dt≠0
Viscosity - correct answer ✔✔Measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow
Molarity - correct answer ✔✔Number of moles per liter of solution
Alkalinity - correct answer ✔✔Capacity of water to neutralize acids without a significant change
in the pH value
, Precipitation reaction - correct answer ✔✔Dissolved substances react to form one or more solid
products
Acid-base reaction - correct answer ✔✔Hydrogen (H+) transferred from one chemical species to
another.
Oxidation-reduction reaction - correct answer ✔✔Oxidation states of atoms are changed
Buffer - correct answer ✔✔Solutions that can resist changes in pH
Suspended substance - correct answer ✔✔heterogeneous mixture whose (relatively large)
particles will settle out upon standing
Colloidal substance - correct answer ✔✔homogeneous/heterogeneous depending on source
particles (medium sized) will not settle out upon standing
Dissolved substance - correct answer ✔✔homogeneously dispersed in the liquid
Turbidity - correct answer ✔✔clarity of water, higher turbidity=less clear
Natural organic matter (NOM) - correct answer ✔✔organic compounds found in water derived
from decaying plant and animal matter, naturally occuring or caused by humans
Pathogen - correct answer ✔✔microorganisms that can cause sickness or disease
viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths
Coagulant - correct answer ✔✔substance (chemical) that is added to water to accomplish
coagulation
