NURS 5315 UTA Exam 1 Question and Answer 2026 | Final Review and Exam Preparation Pack | Grade A+

NURS 5315 UTA Exam 1 Question and
Answer 2026 | Final Review and Exam
Preparation Pack | Grade A+
• Atrophy. CORRECT ANSWER: E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse


• Hypertrophy. CORRECT ANSWER: E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN


• Hyperplasia. CORRECT ANSWER: E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones


• Dysplasia. CORRECT ANSWER: E. Cells change in size, shape,
organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV

, • Metaplasia. CORRECT ANSWER: E. one cell type replaced with
another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette
smoke


• Hypoxia injury. CORRECT ANSWER: E. inadequate oxygenation of
tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP
increases anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy


• Free radical and ROS. CORRECT ANSWER: E. normal byproduct of
ATP production, will overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular
antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease,
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis


• Ethanol. CORRECT ANSWER: E. mood altering drug, long term
effects on liver and nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals