WGU D027 LATEST EVALUATION 2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What are some countries that administer Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine
(for tuberculosis)? - ✔✔- South/Central America
- Japan
✔✔Which tuberculosis medication impacts oral contraceptives? - ✔✔- Rifampin
✔✔What is small cell lung cancer? - ✔✔- The most common type of neuroendocrine
lung tumor
- Constitutes 15% of lung cancers and 25% of lung cancer deaths
✔✔What has the strongest correlation to small cell lung cancer? - ✔✔- Smoking
✔✔Why does small cell lung cancer have the worst prognosis or all lung cancers? -
✔✔- Tumors grow at a rapid rate and tend to metastasize early and widely
- Survival time of untreated cases is 8% at 5 years
✔✔How do you diagnose small cell lung cancer? - ✔✔- Chest x-ray
- Test for mutation in eGFR
,✔✔Where does small cell lung cancer derive from? - ✔✔- From neuroendocrine cells
that contain neurosecretory granules and exist throughout the tracheobronical tree
- Often associated with tumor-derived hormone production
- Hormone production is important because resultant signs and symptoms called
paraneoplastic syndromes may be the first manifestations of the underlying cancer
✔✔What are some hormones that are related to small cell carcinoma? - ✔✔- ADH
(hyponatremia)
- Calcitonin (hypocalcemia)
- Serotonin (carcinoid syndrome)
- Gonadotropins (gynecomastia)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (Cushing's)
- These syndromes are some of the first manifestations of the underlying cancer
✔✔How do you correct pleural effusions? - ✔✔- Thoracentesis (needle decompression)
- Diuretic (if it causes cardiac issues such as CHF)
- Tube thoracostomy (chest tube)
✔✔What are some recommended vaccines in pregnancy? - ✔✔- Influenza (inactivated)
- Hepatitis B
- Tdap
✔✔What are some vaccines that are not recommended in pregnancy? - ✔✔- HPV
✔✔What are some vaccines that are contraindicated in pregnancy? - ✔✔- Influenza
(LAIV)
- MMR
- Varicella
- Zoster
✔✔When would the Tdap vaccine be administered in pregnant women? - ✔✔- Used to
maximize the maternal antibody response and passive antibody transfer to fetus
- Administered between 27 and 36 weeks of pregnancy
- Recommended during each pregnancy
- Given immediately following birth, if not given during pregnancy
✔✔Why is the varicella vaccine contraindicated in pregnancy? - ✔✔- During the first 20
weeks, the fetus is at risk for developing congenital varicella syndrome
- if the maternal infection occurs a few days prior to birth or up to 48 hours postpartum,
the baby is at risk for neonatal varicella (life threatening)
✔✔What should a pregnant women do if she may be exposed to varicella? - ✔✔-
Consult healthcare provider
- Immune globulin (which contains antibodies to chicken pox virus) may be administered
,✔✔What should women do after receiving the MMR vaccine? - ✔✔- Avoid pregnancy
for one month
- Women who have demonstrated nonimmunity to rubella should be immunized
immediately following birth
✔✔What are some alternative medications (besides gabapentin) for neuropathic pain? -
✔✔- Cymbalta (duloxetine)
- Lyrica (pregabalin)
✔✔What are some medications used to treat muscle spasms? - ✔✔- Baclofen
(gablofen)
- Neurontin (gabapentin) - treats anticonvulsant and nerve pain
✔✔What are some diagnostic tests to diagnose neuropathic pain? - ✔✔- Blood tests
(vitamin deficiency, DM)
- Imaging tests (CT or MR to look for tumors and abnormalities)
- Nerve function test
- Nerve biopsy
- Skin biopsy (to look for reduction in nerve endings)
✔✔What is a subdural hematoma? - ✔✔- Blood occurring between the dura mater and
the arachnoid membrane of the brain and spinal cord
✔✔What is an epidural hematoma? - ✔✔- Bleeding that occurs between the tough outer
membrane covering the brain (dura mater) and the skull
✔✔What is the first line of treatment for uncomplicated otitis media in the pediatric
patient without comorbidities? - ✔✔- Amoxicillin
✔✔How would a provider differentiate between bacterial and viral otitis media? - ✔✔-
Viral: symptoms improve or are no longer symptomatic by 48 to 72 hours
- Bacterial: patient's symptoms improve or are no longer symptomatic usually by 48 to
72 hours
✔✔What are common bacterial causes of pediatric otitis media? - ✔✔- Streptococcus
pneumonia
- Axilla cattaraugus
- Mouthless influenza B
✔✔Why do providers prescribe antibiotics but instruct parents to wait for 48 to 72 hours
prior to starting? - ✔✔- To differentiate between bacterial vs viral causes
✔✔What causes thrush? - ✔✔- Yeast or fungus called Candida albicans
- Usually picked up at birth and is common in newborns and babies under 2 months
, - Can develop if the breast is not dried properly after feeding and yeast grows
✔✔What medication may the pediatrician prescribe for babies and mothers diagnosed
with thrush? - ✔✔- Nystatin (to the insides of the mouth and tongue, multiple times a
day for 10 days)
- Fluconazole (Diflucan) in tough cases
✔✔Since thrush can be passed from infant to mother via breastfeeding, should
breastfeeding be interrupted? - ✔✔- Not unless the condition makes feeding
excruciating
✔✔What are some things that mothers can do to help mothers and infants with thrush?
- ✔✔- Expose the nipples to sunlight for a few minutes each day since yeast hates sun
- Probiotics may help speed recovery and keep yeast at bay
✔✔What is the diagnosis criteria for POTS? - ✔✔- Heartrate increase of 30 bpm or
more, or over 120 bpm within the first 10 minutes of standing
- In children, a revised standard of 40 bpm or more has been adopted
- Tilt Table Test
✔✔If a tilt table test is not available, how else may a provider diagnose POTS? - ✔✔-
Bedside measurements of heartrate and blood pressure taken in the supine (laying
down) and standing position at 2-, 5-, and 10-minute intervals
✔✔What are some common findings in patients with POTS? - ✔✔- Hypovolemic (low
blood volume)
- High levels of plasma norepinephrine while standing, reflecting increased SNS
activation
- Approximately 50% have a small fiber neuropathy that impacts their sudomotor nerves
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- Lightheadedness
- Heart palpitations
- Exercise intolerance
- Nausea
- Diminished concentration
- Tremulousness (shaking)
- Syncope
- Coldness or pain in the extremities
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
✔✔How is the quality of life for patients diagnosed with POTS? - ✔✔- Approximately
25% of those who are diagnosed are disabled and unable to work
- Have compared functional impairment as impairment seen in COPD or CHF patients
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What are some countries that administer Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine
(for tuberculosis)? - ✔✔- South/Central America
- Japan
✔✔Which tuberculosis medication impacts oral contraceptives? - ✔✔- Rifampin
✔✔What is small cell lung cancer? - ✔✔- The most common type of neuroendocrine
lung tumor
- Constitutes 15% of lung cancers and 25% of lung cancer deaths
✔✔What has the strongest correlation to small cell lung cancer? - ✔✔- Smoking
✔✔Why does small cell lung cancer have the worst prognosis or all lung cancers? -
✔✔- Tumors grow at a rapid rate and tend to metastasize early and widely
- Survival time of untreated cases is 8% at 5 years
✔✔How do you diagnose small cell lung cancer? - ✔✔- Chest x-ray
- Test for mutation in eGFR
,✔✔Where does small cell lung cancer derive from? - ✔✔- From neuroendocrine cells
that contain neurosecretory granules and exist throughout the tracheobronical tree
- Often associated with tumor-derived hormone production
- Hormone production is important because resultant signs and symptoms called
paraneoplastic syndromes may be the first manifestations of the underlying cancer
✔✔What are some hormones that are related to small cell carcinoma? - ✔✔- ADH
(hyponatremia)
- Calcitonin (hypocalcemia)
- Serotonin (carcinoid syndrome)
- Gonadotropins (gynecomastia)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (Cushing's)
- These syndromes are some of the first manifestations of the underlying cancer
✔✔How do you correct pleural effusions? - ✔✔- Thoracentesis (needle decompression)
- Diuretic (if it causes cardiac issues such as CHF)
- Tube thoracostomy (chest tube)
✔✔What are some recommended vaccines in pregnancy? - ✔✔- Influenza (inactivated)
- Hepatitis B
- Tdap
✔✔What are some vaccines that are not recommended in pregnancy? - ✔✔- HPV
✔✔What are some vaccines that are contraindicated in pregnancy? - ✔✔- Influenza
(LAIV)
- MMR
- Varicella
- Zoster
✔✔When would the Tdap vaccine be administered in pregnant women? - ✔✔- Used to
maximize the maternal antibody response and passive antibody transfer to fetus
- Administered between 27 and 36 weeks of pregnancy
- Recommended during each pregnancy
- Given immediately following birth, if not given during pregnancy
✔✔Why is the varicella vaccine contraindicated in pregnancy? - ✔✔- During the first 20
weeks, the fetus is at risk for developing congenital varicella syndrome
- if the maternal infection occurs a few days prior to birth or up to 48 hours postpartum,
the baby is at risk for neonatal varicella (life threatening)
✔✔What should a pregnant women do if she may be exposed to varicella? - ✔✔-
Consult healthcare provider
- Immune globulin (which contains antibodies to chicken pox virus) may be administered
,✔✔What should women do after receiving the MMR vaccine? - ✔✔- Avoid pregnancy
for one month
- Women who have demonstrated nonimmunity to rubella should be immunized
immediately following birth
✔✔What are some alternative medications (besides gabapentin) for neuropathic pain? -
✔✔- Cymbalta (duloxetine)
- Lyrica (pregabalin)
✔✔What are some medications used to treat muscle spasms? - ✔✔- Baclofen
(gablofen)
- Neurontin (gabapentin) - treats anticonvulsant and nerve pain
✔✔What are some diagnostic tests to diagnose neuropathic pain? - ✔✔- Blood tests
(vitamin deficiency, DM)
- Imaging tests (CT or MR to look for tumors and abnormalities)
- Nerve function test
- Nerve biopsy
- Skin biopsy (to look for reduction in nerve endings)
✔✔What is a subdural hematoma? - ✔✔- Blood occurring between the dura mater and
the arachnoid membrane of the brain and spinal cord
✔✔What is an epidural hematoma? - ✔✔- Bleeding that occurs between the tough outer
membrane covering the brain (dura mater) and the skull
✔✔What is the first line of treatment for uncomplicated otitis media in the pediatric
patient without comorbidities? - ✔✔- Amoxicillin
✔✔How would a provider differentiate between bacterial and viral otitis media? - ✔✔-
Viral: symptoms improve or are no longer symptomatic by 48 to 72 hours
- Bacterial: patient's symptoms improve or are no longer symptomatic usually by 48 to
72 hours
✔✔What are common bacterial causes of pediatric otitis media? - ✔✔- Streptococcus
pneumonia
- Axilla cattaraugus
- Mouthless influenza B
✔✔Why do providers prescribe antibiotics but instruct parents to wait for 48 to 72 hours
prior to starting? - ✔✔- To differentiate between bacterial vs viral causes
✔✔What causes thrush? - ✔✔- Yeast or fungus called Candida albicans
- Usually picked up at birth and is common in newborns and babies under 2 months
, - Can develop if the breast is not dried properly after feeding and yeast grows
✔✔What medication may the pediatrician prescribe for babies and mothers diagnosed
with thrush? - ✔✔- Nystatin (to the insides of the mouth and tongue, multiple times a
day for 10 days)
- Fluconazole (Diflucan) in tough cases
✔✔Since thrush can be passed from infant to mother via breastfeeding, should
breastfeeding be interrupted? - ✔✔- Not unless the condition makes feeding
excruciating
✔✔What are some things that mothers can do to help mothers and infants with thrush?
- ✔✔- Expose the nipples to sunlight for a few minutes each day since yeast hates sun
- Probiotics may help speed recovery and keep yeast at bay
✔✔What is the diagnosis criteria for POTS? - ✔✔- Heartrate increase of 30 bpm or
more, or over 120 bpm within the first 10 minutes of standing
- In children, a revised standard of 40 bpm or more has been adopted
- Tilt Table Test
✔✔If a tilt table test is not available, how else may a provider diagnose POTS? - ✔✔-
Bedside measurements of heartrate and blood pressure taken in the supine (laying
down) and standing position at 2-, 5-, and 10-minute intervals
✔✔What are some common findings in patients with POTS? - ✔✔- Hypovolemic (low
blood volume)
- High levels of plasma norepinephrine while standing, reflecting increased SNS
activation
- Approximately 50% have a small fiber neuropathy that impacts their sudomotor nerves
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- Lightheadedness
- Heart palpitations
- Exercise intolerance
- Nausea
- Diminished concentration
- Tremulousness (shaking)
- Syncope
- Coldness or pain in the extremities
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
✔✔How is the quality of life for patients diagnosed with POTS? - ✔✔- Approximately
25% of those who are diagnosed are disabled and unable to work
- Have compared functional impairment as impairment seen in COPD or CHF patients
