NURS 6675 FINAL EXAM 1
Questions
Section 1: Ethics, Legal Issues, & Professional Practice (Questions 1–15)
1. Affirmatively acting to benefit another or others, going beyond what is required by law is
known as which of the following?
A) Fidelity
B) Justice
C) Beneficence
D) Non-maleficence
Answer: C – Beneficence
Rationale: Beneficence refers to actions that promote the well-being of others, going beyond
simply avoiding harm (non-maleficence). Fidelity is faithfulness to commitments; justice is fair
distribution of benefits and burdens .
2. The treatment of others equitably and the fair distribution of benefits/burdens is known as
which of the following?
A) Fidelity
B) Justice
C) Beneficence
D) Non-maleficence
Answer: B – Justice
Rationale: Justice in healthcare ethics refers to treating patients equitably regardless of
socioeconomic status, diagnosis, background, etc., and ensuring fair distribution of healthcare
resources and burdens .
3. Which of the following would constitute negligence? (Select all that apply)
A) Failure to give necessary care
B) Failure to refer when necessary
, C) Failure to follow-up with a patient
D) Failure to disclose necessary information to a patient
Answer: A, B, C, D – All of the above
Rationale: Negligence includes any failure to provide the standard of care that results in harm.
This includes failure to treat, failure to refer appropriately, failure to follow up, and failure to
provide necessary information for informed consent .
4. A claim of malpractice requires that a patient/plaintiff prove which of the following?
(Select all that apply)
A) The existence of a client-professional relationship – duty to care
B) Behavior below the appropriate standard of care for professionals dealing in like
circumstances
C) A causal link between the practitioner's failure to conform to treatment standards
and harm to the patient
D) Actual injury to the patient
Answer: A, B, C, D – All of the above
Rationale: The four elements of malpractice (negligence) are duty, breach of duty, causation,
and damages. All four must be proven by the plaintiff .
5. The NP can impact health policy and healthcare by doing which of the following?
A) Become an active member of local, state, and/or national NP organizations
B) Become familiar with the resources available on NP organization websites
C) Volunteer to serve on legislative committees within professional NP organizations
D) All of the above
Answer: D – All of the above
Rationale: NPs can leverage their expertise to shape healthcare legislation, advocate for patient
needs, and advance the NP role through active membership, committee service, and staying
informed of policy resources .
6. Which of the following professionals would be able to precept a nurse practitioner
student?
A) An advanced registered nurse practitioner
B) A physician
C) An unlicensed social worker
, D) A and B only
Answer: D – A and B only (ARNP and physician)
Rationale: NP students can be precepted by an advanced practice nurse (APRN) or a physician,
provided they have appropriate expertise. Unlicensed individuals cannot precept NP students .
7. The need for nurse practitioners to practice to the full extent of their education and
training is necessary for which of the following reasons? (Select all that apply)
A) The growth in number and proportion of older Americans
B) The projected primary care physician shortage by 2025
C) Increased number of individuals who have access to healthcare
D) The economic push for cost-effective healthcare
Answer: A, B, C, D – All of the above
Rationale: All of these factors drive increased demand for high-quality, cost-effective primary
and specialty care. NPs operating at full scope can improve access to care, address physician
shortages, and meet the needs of aging and newly insured populations .
8. Which is NOT consistent with recommendations for psychiatric history taking and the
mental status evaluation of older adults?
A) When a patient is cognitively impaired, an independent history should be obtained
from a family member or caretaker
B) The patient should still be seen alone even in cases of clear evidence of impairment
to preserve the privacy of the doctor/patient relationship
C) If the patient is cognitively impaired, the patient should never be seen alone
D) Even in patients with cognitive impairment, it is important to elicit any suicidal
thoughts or paranoid ideations privately
Answer: C – If the patient is cognitively impaired, the patient should never be seen alone
Rationale: While the patient may have cognitive impairment, it remains important to interview
the patient alone when possible to elicit suicidal thoughts, paranoia, or other sensitive
information. The patient should not be excluded from the evaluation simply due to impairment .
9. Low health literacy has been linked with which of the following?
A) Poor health outcomes
B) Lower rates of hospitalization
C) Less frequent use of preventive services
, D) All of the above
Answer: A, C – Poor health outcomes and less frequent use of preventive services
Rationale: Low health literacy is associated with poor health outcomes, higher rates of
hospitalization (not lower), and less frequent use of preventive services. Patients with low health
literacy may struggle to manage chronic conditions and navigate the healthcare system
effectively .
10. According to USDHHS and the Federal Bureau of Primary Health Care, which of the
following individuals would be considered homeless?
A) An individual whose primary residence during the night is a supervised public or
private facility that provides temporary living accommodations
B) An individual who is a resident in transitional housing
C) A person who is living with a friend (doubled up)
D) All of the above
Answer: D – All of the above
Rationale: The federal definition of homelessness includes individuals staying in emergency
shelters, transitional housing, or living doubled up with others due to loss of housing or
economic hardship .
11. A term used to describe individuals and families who are found to live in overcrowded
homes, relocate frequently, and struggle to pay rent and monthly expenses is which of the
following?
A) Homelessness
B) Housing instability
C) Transiency
D) A and B
Answer: B – Housing instability
Rationale: "Housing instability" refers to situations where individuals face difficulty paying rent,
frequent moves, or living in overcrowded or substandard conditions. This is distinct from literal
homelessness (no nighttime residence) .
12. The APRN Consensus Model merged foci to allow NPs to work across specialties. This
means:
A) NPs must practice only in their originally certified specialty
B) NPs can practice across specialties if they have the education and competency
Questions
Section 1: Ethics, Legal Issues, & Professional Practice (Questions 1–15)
1. Affirmatively acting to benefit another or others, going beyond what is required by law is
known as which of the following?
A) Fidelity
B) Justice
C) Beneficence
D) Non-maleficence
Answer: C – Beneficence
Rationale: Beneficence refers to actions that promote the well-being of others, going beyond
simply avoiding harm (non-maleficence). Fidelity is faithfulness to commitments; justice is fair
distribution of benefits and burdens .
2. The treatment of others equitably and the fair distribution of benefits/burdens is known as
which of the following?
A) Fidelity
B) Justice
C) Beneficence
D) Non-maleficence
Answer: B – Justice
Rationale: Justice in healthcare ethics refers to treating patients equitably regardless of
socioeconomic status, diagnosis, background, etc., and ensuring fair distribution of healthcare
resources and burdens .
3. Which of the following would constitute negligence? (Select all that apply)
A) Failure to give necessary care
B) Failure to refer when necessary
, C) Failure to follow-up with a patient
D) Failure to disclose necessary information to a patient
Answer: A, B, C, D – All of the above
Rationale: Negligence includes any failure to provide the standard of care that results in harm.
This includes failure to treat, failure to refer appropriately, failure to follow up, and failure to
provide necessary information for informed consent .
4. A claim of malpractice requires that a patient/plaintiff prove which of the following?
(Select all that apply)
A) The existence of a client-professional relationship – duty to care
B) Behavior below the appropriate standard of care for professionals dealing in like
circumstances
C) A causal link between the practitioner's failure to conform to treatment standards
and harm to the patient
D) Actual injury to the patient
Answer: A, B, C, D – All of the above
Rationale: The four elements of malpractice (negligence) are duty, breach of duty, causation,
and damages. All four must be proven by the plaintiff .
5. The NP can impact health policy and healthcare by doing which of the following?
A) Become an active member of local, state, and/or national NP organizations
B) Become familiar with the resources available on NP organization websites
C) Volunteer to serve on legislative committees within professional NP organizations
D) All of the above
Answer: D – All of the above
Rationale: NPs can leverage their expertise to shape healthcare legislation, advocate for patient
needs, and advance the NP role through active membership, committee service, and staying
informed of policy resources .
6. Which of the following professionals would be able to precept a nurse practitioner
student?
A) An advanced registered nurse practitioner
B) A physician
C) An unlicensed social worker
, D) A and B only
Answer: D – A and B only (ARNP and physician)
Rationale: NP students can be precepted by an advanced practice nurse (APRN) or a physician,
provided they have appropriate expertise. Unlicensed individuals cannot precept NP students .
7. The need for nurse practitioners to practice to the full extent of their education and
training is necessary for which of the following reasons? (Select all that apply)
A) The growth in number and proportion of older Americans
B) The projected primary care physician shortage by 2025
C) Increased number of individuals who have access to healthcare
D) The economic push for cost-effective healthcare
Answer: A, B, C, D – All of the above
Rationale: All of these factors drive increased demand for high-quality, cost-effective primary
and specialty care. NPs operating at full scope can improve access to care, address physician
shortages, and meet the needs of aging and newly insured populations .
8. Which is NOT consistent with recommendations for psychiatric history taking and the
mental status evaluation of older adults?
A) When a patient is cognitively impaired, an independent history should be obtained
from a family member or caretaker
B) The patient should still be seen alone even in cases of clear evidence of impairment
to preserve the privacy of the doctor/patient relationship
C) If the patient is cognitively impaired, the patient should never be seen alone
D) Even in patients with cognitive impairment, it is important to elicit any suicidal
thoughts or paranoid ideations privately
Answer: C – If the patient is cognitively impaired, the patient should never be seen alone
Rationale: While the patient may have cognitive impairment, it remains important to interview
the patient alone when possible to elicit suicidal thoughts, paranoia, or other sensitive
information. The patient should not be excluded from the evaluation simply due to impairment .
9. Low health literacy has been linked with which of the following?
A) Poor health outcomes
B) Lower rates of hospitalization
C) Less frequent use of preventive services
, D) All of the above
Answer: A, C – Poor health outcomes and less frequent use of preventive services
Rationale: Low health literacy is associated with poor health outcomes, higher rates of
hospitalization (not lower), and less frequent use of preventive services. Patients with low health
literacy may struggle to manage chronic conditions and navigate the healthcare system
effectively .
10. According to USDHHS and the Federal Bureau of Primary Health Care, which of the
following individuals would be considered homeless?
A) An individual whose primary residence during the night is a supervised public or
private facility that provides temporary living accommodations
B) An individual who is a resident in transitional housing
C) A person who is living with a friend (doubled up)
D) All of the above
Answer: D – All of the above
Rationale: The federal definition of homelessness includes individuals staying in emergency
shelters, transitional housing, or living doubled up with others due to loss of housing or
economic hardship .
11. A term used to describe individuals and families who are found to live in overcrowded
homes, relocate frequently, and struggle to pay rent and monthly expenses is which of the
following?
A) Homelessness
B) Housing instability
C) Transiency
D) A and B
Answer: B – Housing instability
Rationale: "Housing instability" refers to situations where individuals face difficulty paying rent,
frequent moves, or living in overcrowded or substandard conditions. This is distinct from literal
homelessness (no nighttime residence) .
12. The APRN Consensus Model merged foci to allow NPs to work across specialties. This
means:
A) NPs must practice only in their originally certified specialty
B) NPs can practice across specialties if they have the education and competency
