Anatomy and Physiology - Final Exam Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f52lvr
1. Chemical bonds:
Hydrogen Bond,
Ionic Bond, Cova-
lent, Polar Cova-
lent
2. Hydrogen Bond: a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction
between a proton and an electron
3. Ionic Bond: involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (stolen elec-
trons)
4. Covalent: chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
5. Polar Covalent: pair of electrons are unequally shared between two atoms (partial charge)
6. Cell Membrane
Feature: Protein
Types, Cilia, Fla-
gella, Endo/Exo-
cytosis
7. Protein Types: Fibrous and Globular
8. Fibrous: structural proteins, strand-like, provide mechanical support, insoluble; ex. colla-
gen (most abundant)
9. Globular: function proteins, spherical, compact, soluble, environment-sensitive; ex. Anti-
gens and hormones
10. Cilia: contains microtubules and other motor molecules; moves substances across
surfaces; looks like tiny fingers; gets rid of phlegm
11. Flagella:
, Anatomy and Physiology - Final Exam Study Guide
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whiplike, motile extensions on surfaces of certain cells; contains microtubules and
moto molecules; propels the whole cell
12. Endocytosis: where a cell envelops extracellular materials using its cell membrane
13. Types of Endocy- Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
tosis:
14. Phagocytosis: nonselective; WBC; takes more solid (large) particles, like eating
15. Pinocytosis: cell takes small particles; fluid particles; like drinking
16. Exocytosis: endocytosis but reverse; pushes materials out of the cell
17. Tissue types and
FUNCTION:
simple/strati-
fied, squamous,
cuboidal,
columnar
18. Simple Squa- single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cyto-
mous Epithelium plasm; the simplest of the epithelia
Description:
19. Simple Squa- allow material to pass by diffusion and filtration
mous Epithelium
Function:
20. Simple Squa- air sacs of lungs
mous Epithelium
Location:
21. single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei
, Anatomy and Physiology - Final Exam Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f52lvr
Simple Cuboidal
Epithelium De-
scription:
22. Simple Cuboidal secretion and absorption
Epithelium Func-
tion:
23. Simple Cuboidal kidney tubules
Epithelium Loca-
tion:
24. Simple Columnar Single layer of tall cells with rough to oval nuclei
Epithelium De-
scription:
25. Simple Columnar absorption
Epithelium Func-
tion:
26. Simple Columnar gallbladder
Epithelium Loca-
tion:
27. Stratified Squa- several layers of cells with flattened surface cells
mous Epithelium
Description:
28. Stratified Squa- protects underlying tissues
mous Epithelium
Function:
29. mouth
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f52lvr
1. Chemical bonds:
Hydrogen Bond,
Ionic Bond, Cova-
lent, Polar Cova-
lent
2. Hydrogen Bond: a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction
between a proton and an electron
3. Ionic Bond: involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (stolen elec-
trons)
4. Covalent: chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
5. Polar Covalent: pair of electrons are unequally shared between two atoms (partial charge)
6. Cell Membrane
Feature: Protein
Types, Cilia, Fla-
gella, Endo/Exo-
cytosis
7. Protein Types: Fibrous and Globular
8. Fibrous: structural proteins, strand-like, provide mechanical support, insoluble; ex. colla-
gen (most abundant)
9. Globular: function proteins, spherical, compact, soluble, environment-sensitive; ex. Anti-
gens and hormones
10. Cilia: contains microtubules and other motor molecules; moves substances across
surfaces; looks like tiny fingers; gets rid of phlegm
11. Flagella:
, Anatomy and Physiology - Final Exam Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f52lvr
whiplike, motile extensions on surfaces of certain cells; contains microtubules and
moto molecules; propels the whole cell
12. Endocytosis: where a cell envelops extracellular materials using its cell membrane
13. Types of Endocy- Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
tosis:
14. Phagocytosis: nonselective; WBC; takes more solid (large) particles, like eating
15. Pinocytosis: cell takes small particles; fluid particles; like drinking
16. Exocytosis: endocytosis but reverse; pushes materials out of the cell
17. Tissue types and
FUNCTION:
simple/strati-
fied, squamous,
cuboidal,
columnar
18. Simple Squa- single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cyto-
mous Epithelium plasm; the simplest of the epithelia
Description:
19. Simple Squa- allow material to pass by diffusion and filtration
mous Epithelium
Function:
20. Simple Squa- air sacs of lungs
mous Epithelium
Location:
21. single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei
, Anatomy and Physiology - Final Exam Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f52lvr
Simple Cuboidal
Epithelium De-
scription:
22. Simple Cuboidal secretion and absorption
Epithelium Func-
tion:
23. Simple Cuboidal kidney tubules
Epithelium Loca-
tion:
24. Simple Columnar Single layer of tall cells with rough to oval nuclei
Epithelium De-
scription:
25. Simple Columnar absorption
Epithelium Func-
tion:
26. Simple Columnar gallbladder
Epithelium Loca-
tion:
27. Stratified Squa- several layers of cells with flattened surface cells
mous Epithelium
Description:
28. Stratified Squa- protects underlying tissues
mous Epithelium
Function:
29. mouth
