Page 1 of 38
08 June 2026
PATHO 502 Final 2026/2027 Exam Prep
TestBank with 200 Exam Questions and Correct
Answers/ PATHO 502 Final Latest Exam Prep Test
Bank (New!)
The administration of a vaccine to an individual to reduce the risk for future
infections is based on the principles of
Innate immunity
Passive immunity
Adaptive Immunity
Immunosuppression
A macrophage can function as an antigen-presenting cell to process an
antigen for the Lymphocyte
Neutrophil
Mast cell
Basophil
Selected genes function as tumor suppressors, of which an important one is
p53. Malignant cells are often _________ in p53, and less likely to undergo
___________.
Deficient; apoptosis
Deficient; cell division
Abundant; cell division
Abundant; apoptosis
A 54 year old man is being evaluated for a suspected infection. As part of his
work-up, hematological blood work is obtained, including a differential on
white blood cells. Which of the following results is (are) expected if this is an
infectious cause? a-Leukocytosis b-Lymphopenia
c-Increase in the number of immature granulocytes (neutrophils)
Each of the above
Both A and C above
A laboratory work-up for a patient with drug-induced hemolytic anemia would
be expected to show a(n)
Increased reticulocyte count
Leukocytosis
Decreased reticulocyte count
Leukopenia
William is a 70 year old man is taking a low-dose aspirin daily to reduce his
risk of a heart attack or stroke. He is at an increased risk for bleeding due to
, Page 2 of 38
08 June 2026
effects on Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
Fibrinogen
Platelets
Thrombin
William is a 70 year old man is taking a low-dose aspirin daily to reduce his risk of a
heart attack or stroke. He was recently prescribed celecoxib, a COX-2 selective
NSAID, for an acute injury to his shoulder suffered while playing tennis. Based on
the theory as to why COX-2 selective NSAIDs increase the risk for thrombotic
events, William is at risk because celecoxib exhibits
A. a lack of inhibition of thromboxane in platelets, while inhibiting prostacyclin in
vascular smooth muscle.
B. a preferential action in platelets that increases the concentration of thromboxane,
increasing the risk for bleeding.
C. characteristics that create a proinflammatory state based on the inhibition of
prostaglandins.
D. Minimal anti-inflammatory activity due to a lack of effect on the COX-1 enzyme.
A 32 year old man has been experiencing asthma symptoms for the past week,
including cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath. A peak flow is measured and
reported at 290 (60% of his expected result). He is treated with albuterol, which is a
β-2 receptor agonist (stimulates the beta receptors resulting in relaxation of bronchial
smooth muscle). Based on your understanding of the pathophysiological features of
asthma, which of the following would you predict?
A. The peak flow result should increase as airflow obstruction is reduced.
B. The peak flow result should decrease as a result of increased mucus production.
C. The peak flow is not expected to change because albuterol's effect is not specific
for airflow obstruction.
D. The peak flow result should increase because of an expected increase in heart
rate.
Which of the following features usually predicts the need to use chemotherapy (as
opposed to surgery) to treat a malignancy?
A. Local, aggressive invasion of tissue
B. Metastasis
C. Age of patient
D. Co-morbidities
Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding acute leukemias?
A. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric leukemia. B.
Acute leukemias are associated with a higher percentage of immature
lymphocytes compared to chronic leukemias.
C. Neutropenia or anemia is not commonly seen in patients with acute leukemias.
D. Each of the above is true
E. Only A and B above is true
, Page 3 of 38
08 June 2026
Which of the following statements is (are) true about chronic lymphocytic leukemia
(CLL)?
A. Characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia Chromosome.
B. Most commonly affects elderly adults in their 70s.
C. Generally requires aggressive treatment to improve survival.
D. Each of the above.
E. Both A and C above
Which of the following statements is (are) true when comparing Hodgkin lymphomas
to non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL)?
A. NHL is more common that Hodgkin lymphoma.
B. NHL tends to spread more aggressively to distant organs, while Hodgkin
lymphoma demonstrates a more orderly spread to contiguous lymph nodes.
C. The prognosis is better for Hodgkin patients compared to non-Hodgkin patients.
D. Each of the above.
E. None of the above.
Females are at greater risk for rheumatoid arthritis while systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) is predominately a disease of males.
A. True
B. False
Based on the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases, a general approach to
treatment is to
A. Stimulate the natural immune response
B. Suppress the natural immune response
C. Treat symptomatically to reduce the discomfort caused by ongoing disease
D. Eradicate the infectious causes known to trigger these conditions
E. Both B and D above
Which of the following statements is (are) true about Graves' disease?
A. Predominately a disease of males
B. Signs and symptoms are related to increased thyroid hormone activity
C. Features include a decrease in the circulating levels of natural thyroid hormones
(T3 and T4)
D. Each of the above
E. Both B and C above
Ella Mae is an 80 year old woman who is brought to the clinic by her family because
she has been complaining of weakness for the last month. Her family reports that it
has been difficult to get her to eat for the past six months. She is a frail-appearing
female who appears to be in distress. She is pale and mildly hypotensive. Her
workup includes hematology which reveals a hemoglobin of 9.1 g/dL (normal 12-16)
and a hematocrit of 28% (normal 36-46). There is no evidence of acute blood loss
and she is suspected to have an iron-deficiency anemia. If that is the case, which of
the following features would be consistent with this cause?
A. Normal or low reticulocyte count
, Page 4 of 38
08 June 2026
B. Hypochromic, microcytic cells
C. Increased serum ferritin
D. Each of the above
E. Both A and B above
A patient with renal failure exhibits an anemia that likely would be most responsive to
treatment with A. Iron
B. Erythropoietin
C. Vitamin B12
D. Corticosteroids (prednisone)
An elderly female is found to have anemia in which the cells are macrocytic in
appearance. Further workup is warranted; however, this anemia may be due to
A. Iron deficiency
B. Acute blood loss
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Bone marrow suppression
During worsening acute asthma symptoms, a 29 year old female has been using her
albuterol inhaler (a beta-2 agonist that stimulates receptors on bronchial smooth
muscle) every 2 hours; however, she is continuing to get worse and goes to the
emergency department. Based on your knowledge about the pathophysiology of
asthma, which of the following would explain her lack of response?
A. The beta agonist therapy actually worsened bronchoconstriction and exacerbated
her symptoms
B. Her therapy did not address the inflammatory response that was occurring within
the airway mucosa
C. Once an inflammatory response is initiated, it is impossible to stop it until the
immune system can eliminate the cause
D. Her oxygen level was too low which inhibited the strength of her inhalation, so
the treatment was not working
Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the inflammatory response?
A. Represents an innate immune response to an exposure that the immune system
considers as foreign
B. Is non-selective and nonspecific which increases the risk of benign elements
beging affected
C. Generally ends when the threat from the foreign substance is eliminated or
neutralized
D. Each of the above
E. Only A and B above
A physician prescribes supplemental oxygen therapy (using nasal cannula) to a
patient with severe COPD in order to reduce the risk of worsening pulmonary
hypertension. The rationale for this therapy is that supplemental oxygen will A.
Reduce mucus production that can plug small bronchioles.
B. Minimize the vasoconstriction in the pulmonary circulation that occurs in response
08 June 2026
PATHO 502 Final 2026/2027 Exam Prep
TestBank with 200 Exam Questions and Correct
Answers/ PATHO 502 Final Latest Exam Prep Test
Bank (New!)
The administration of a vaccine to an individual to reduce the risk for future
infections is based on the principles of
Innate immunity
Passive immunity
Adaptive Immunity
Immunosuppression
A macrophage can function as an antigen-presenting cell to process an
antigen for the Lymphocyte
Neutrophil
Mast cell
Basophil
Selected genes function as tumor suppressors, of which an important one is
p53. Malignant cells are often _________ in p53, and less likely to undergo
___________.
Deficient; apoptosis
Deficient; cell division
Abundant; cell division
Abundant; apoptosis
A 54 year old man is being evaluated for a suspected infection. As part of his
work-up, hematological blood work is obtained, including a differential on
white blood cells. Which of the following results is (are) expected if this is an
infectious cause? a-Leukocytosis b-Lymphopenia
c-Increase in the number of immature granulocytes (neutrophils)
Each of the above
Both A and C above
A laboratory work-up for a patient with drug-induced hemolytic anemia would
be expected to show a(n)
Increased reticulocyte count
Leukocytosis
Decreased reticulocyte count
Leukopenia
William is a 70 year old man is taking a low-dose aspirin daily to reduce his
risk of a heart attack or stroke. He is at an increased risk for bleeding due to
, Page 2 of 38
08 June 2026
effects on Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
Fibrinogen
Platelets
Thrombin
William is a 70 year old man is taking a low-dose aspirin daily to reduce his risk of a
heart attack or stroke. He was recently prescribed celecoxib, a COX-2 selective
NSAID, for an acute injury to his shoulder suffered while playing tennis. Based on
the theory as to why COX-2 selective NSAIDs increase the risk for thrombotic
events, William is at risk because celecoxib exhibits
A. a lack of inhibition of thromboxane in platelets, while inhibiting prostacyclin in
vascular smooth muscle.
B. a preferential action in platelets that increases the concentration of thromboxane,
increasing the risk for bleeding.
C. characteristics that create a proinflammatory state based on the inhibition of
prostaglandins.
D. Minimal anti-inflammatory activity due to a lack of effect on the COX-1 enzyme.
A 32 year old man has been experiencing asthma symptoms for the past week,
including cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath. A peak flow is measured and
reported at 290 (60% of his expected result). He is treated with albuterol, which is a
β-2 receptor agonist (stimulates the beta receptors resulting in relaxation of bronchial
smooth muscle). Based on your understanding of the pathophysiological features of
asthma, which of the following would you predict?
A. The peak flow result should increase as airflow obstruction is reduced.
B. The peak flow result should decrease as a result of increased mucus production.
C. The peak flow is not expected to change because albuterol's effect is not specific
for airflow obstruction.
D. The peak flow result should increase because of an expected increase in heart
rate.
Which of the following features usually predicts the need to use chemotherapy (as
opposed to surgery) to treat a malignancy?
A. Local, aggressive invasion of tissue
B. Metastasis
C. Age of patient
D. Co-morbidities
Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding acute leukemias?
A. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric leukemia. B.
Acute leukemias are associated with a higher percentage of immature
lymphocytes compared to chronic leukemias.
C. Neutropenia or anemia is not commonly seen in patients with acute leukemias.
D. Each of the above is true
E. Only A and B above is true
, Page 3 of 38
08 June 2026
Which of the following statements is (are) true about chronic lymphocytic leukemia
(CLL)?
A. Characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia Chromosome.
B. Most commonly affects elderly adults in their 70s.
C. Generally requires aggressive treatment to improve survival.
D. Each of the above.
E. Both A and C above
Which of the following statements is (are) true when comparing Hodgkin lymphomas
to non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL)?
A. NHL is more common that Hodgkin lymphoma.
B. NHL tends to spread more aggressively to distant organs, while Hodgkin
lymphoma demonstrates a more orderly spread to contiguous lymph nodes.
C. The prognosis is better for Hodgkin patients compared to non-Hodgkin patients.
D. Each of the above.
E. None of the above.
Females are at greater risk for rheumatoid arthritis while systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) is predominately a disease of males.
A. True
B. False
Based on the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases, a general approach to
treatment is to
A. Stimulate the natural immune response
B. Suppress the natural immune response
C. Treat symptomatically to reduce the discomfort caused by ongoing disease
D. Eradicate the infectious causes known to trigger these conditions
E. Both B and D above
Which of the following statements is (are) true about Graves' disease?
A. Predominately a disease of males
B. Signs and symptoms are related to increased thyroid hormone activity
C. Features include a decrease in the circulating levels of natural thyroid hormones
(T3 and T4)
D. Each of the above
E. Both B and C above
Ella Mae is an 80 year old woman who is brought to the clinic by her family because
she has been complaining of weakness for the last month. Her family reports that it
has been difficult to get her to eat for the past six months. She is a frail-appearing
female who appears to be in distress. She is pale and mildly hypotensive. Her
workup includes hematology which reveals a hemoglobin of 9.1 g/dL (normal 12-16)
and a hematocrit of 28% (normal 36-46). There is no evidence of acute blood loss
and she is suspected to have an iron-deficiency anemia. If that is the case, which of
the following features would be consistent with this cause?
A. Normal or low reticulocyte count
, Page 4 of 38
08 June 2026
B. Hypochromic, microcytic cells
C. Increased serum ferritin
D. Each of the above
E. Both A and B above
A patient with renal failure exhibits an anemia that likely would be most responsive to
treatment with A. Iron
B. Erythropoietin
C. Vitamin B12
D. Corticosteroids (prednisone)
An elderly female is found to have anemia in which the cells are macrocytic in
appearance. Further workup is warranted; however, this anemia may be due to
A. Iron deficiency
B. Acute blood loss
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Bone marrow suppression
During worsening acute asthma symptoms, a 29 year old female has been using her
albuterol inhaler (a beta-2 agonist that stimulates receptors on bronchial smooth
muscle) every 2 hours; however, she is continuing to get worse and goes to the
emergency department. Based on your knowledge about the pathophysiology of
asthma, which of the following would explain her lack of response?
A. The beta agonist therapy actually worsened bronchoconstriction and exacerbated
her symptoms
B. Her therapy did not address the inflammatory response that was occurring within
the airway mucosa
C. Once an inflammatory response is initiated, it is impossible to stop it until the
immune system can eliminate the cause
D. Her oxygen level was too low which inhibited the strength of her inhalation, so
the treatment was not working
Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the inflammatory response?
A. Represents an innate immune response to an exposure that the immune system
considers as foreign
B. Is non-selective and nonspecific which increases the risk of benign elements
beging affected
C. Generally ends when the threat from the foreign substance is eliminated or
neutralized
D. Each of the above
E. Only A and B above
A physician prescribes supplemental oxygen therapy (using nasal cannula) to a
patient with severe COPD in order to reduce the risk of worsening pulmonary
hypertension. The rationale for this therapy is that supplemental oxygen will A.
Reduce mucus production that can plug small bronchioles.
B. Minimize the vasoconstriction in the pulmonary circulation that occurs in response
