RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICALRADIOGRAPHY 9TH EDITION
By Mary Alice Statkiewicz Sherer
, TABLEOF CONTENT
Chapter 1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
Chapter 2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received ig
Chapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Units ig
Chapter 5. Radiation Monitoring
Chapter 6. Overview of Cell Biology
Chapter 7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chapte
r 9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ System ig
s
Chapter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation ig
Chapter 11. EquipmentDesign for Radiation Protection
Chapter 12. Managemen of Patien Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X- J J
RayProcedures
Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography ig
Chapter 14. Managemen of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diag J
nostic X-Ray Procedures
Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Consequences ofionization in human cells include J J J J J J
1. creation ofunstable atoms. J J J
2. production offree electrons. J J J
3. creationofhighlyreactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable ofproducing subs
J J J gi J J J J J J J ig J
tances poisonous to the cell.
J J J J
4. creationofnewbiologic molecules detrimental tothe living cell.
J J J J J J J J J
5. injurytothe cell that may manifest itself asabnormal function or loss offunction.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
6. production oflow-energy x-rayphotons. J J J J
a. 1,2, 3, and 4 only
J J J J J
b. 2,3, 4, and 5 only
J J J J J
c. 3,4, 5, and 6 only
J J J J J
d. All the options
J J
ANS: D
J
,2. Which ofthe following is a form ofradiation that is capable ofcreating electricallycharged p
J J J J J J J J gi J J J J J J ig J
articles byremoving orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes?
gi J J J J gi J J J J J J J J
a. Ionizing radiation J
b. Nonionizing radiation J
c. Subatomic radiation J
d. Ultrasonic radiation J
ANS: A J
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who areeducated to understand the medic
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
al benefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
gi J J J J J J J J
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress anyradiation phobia the y
J J J J J gi J J gi J J J ig J J
may have. J
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume asma
J J J J J J J J J J J J
ll chance of biologic damage.
gi J J J
c. suppress anyradiationphobia but not risk a small chance ofpossible biologi
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
c damage. ig
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance ofpossibl
J J gi J J J J J J J J J J
e biologic damage.
ig J
ANS: D J
4. The millisievert (mSv) isequal to
J J J J J
a. 1/10ofasievert. J J J
b. 1/100of asievert. J J J
c. 1/1000of asievert. J J J
d. 1/10,000of asievert. J J J
ANS: C J
5. The advantages ofthe BERT method are
J J J J J J
1. BERT doesnot implyradiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
J J J J J J J J J J J J
2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part ofthe environment.
J J J J J J J J J J
3. BERT provides ananswer that is easyfor the patient to comprehend.
J J J J J J J J J J gi
a. 1and 2only J J J
b. 1and 3only J J J
c. 2 and 3only gi gi J
d. All the options J J
ANS: D J
6. Ifapatient asksa radiographer aquestion about how much radiation he or she will receive fro m a
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J ig J J J
specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
J J J J J
a. respond byusing an estimation based onthe comparison ofradiation received from
J J J J J J J J J J J J igJ
the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
J J J J J J
b. avoid the patient’s question bychanging the subject.
J J J J J J J
c. tellthe patient that it is unethical todiscuss suchconcerns.
J J J J J J J J J J
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he orshe speak with t
J J J J J gi J J J J J J J J
he referring physician.
gi J
ANS: A J
7. Whyshould the selectionoftechnical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedu
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
res always follow ALARA?
ig J J
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accept r
J J J J gi gi J J J J J gi J
esponsibility for patient radiation safety. J J J J
b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
J J J J gi J J J J J
, patient radiation safety. J J
c. Because radiation- J
induced cancer does not appearto have a fixed threshold, that is, adose levelbel
J J J J J J J gi J J ig J J J J
ow which a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
J J J J J J J J J J J
d. Because radiation- J
induced cancer does have a dose level at which individuals would have a c
J J J J J gi J J J ig J J J J
hance of developing this disease. J J J J
ANS: C J
8. The cardinalprinciples of radiation protection include which ofthe following?
J J J gi J J J J J gi
a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options J J
ANS: D J
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospit
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
al administration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and mainten
gi J J J J J J J J J J J
ance of the ALARA program?
J J J J
a. Assistant administrator ofthe facility J J J J
b. Chief ofstaff J J
c. Radiation SafetyOfficer J J
d. Student radiologic technologist J J
ANS: C J
10. Why is a questionconcerning the amount ofradiation a patient will receive during aspecifi
J J J J J J J J J J J J J gi J J
c x-ray procedure difficult to answer?
ig J J J J
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number ofdifferent units ofmeasure.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by
J J J J J J gi J J J J
a patien t.
gi J
3. Because the patient should not receive anyinformation aboutradiation dose.
J J J J J J J J J J
a. 1and 2only J gi J
b. 1and 3only J gi J
c. 2 and 3only gi gi J
d. All the options J J
ANS: A J
11. X-rays area form ofwhich ofthe following kinds ofradiation?
J J J J J J J J J J J
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B J
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System ofUnits?
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
a. Coulomb perkilogram J J
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A J
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J giJ
need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
J J J J J J J
specified scan protocols to be used for both radiology and non-radiology users ofCT?
J J J J J gi J J J J J J J