to accompany
J
Our Society: Human Diversity in Canada
J J J J J
Chapter 1: An Overview of Diversity in Canada ................................................................................................ 1
J J J J J J J
Paul U. Angelini
J J
Chapter 2: Demographic Trends in Canada........................................................................................................ 7
J J J J J
Michelle Broderick J
Chapter 3: Social Inequality and Stratification in Canada ................................................................................. 15
J J J J J J J
Eddie Grattan J
Chapter 4: Race and Ethnicity: The Obvious Diversity ..................................................................................... 23
J J J J J J J
Paul U. Angelini and Michelle Broderick
J J J J J
Chapter 5: Aboriginal Peoples ........................................................................................................................ 31
J J J
John Steckley
J
,ii
Chapter 6: Religion as Meaning and the Canadian Context ............................................................................... 39
J J J J J J J J
Mikal Austin Radford J J
Chapter 7: Disability as Difference.................................................................................................................. 49
J J J J
Nancy Nicholls J
Chapter 8: Diversity and Conformity: The Role of Gender ............................................................................... 57
J J J J J J J J
Leslie Butler J
Chapter 9: Sexual Diversity in Canada ............................................................................................................ 65
J J J J J
Shane Gannon and Lee Easton J J J J
Chapter 10: Diversity in Canadian Families: Traditional Values and Beyond .................................................... 73
J J J J J J J J J
Geoff Ondercin-Bourne J
Chapter 11: The Medium Diversifies the Message: How Media Portray Diversity ............................................. 81
J J J J J J J J J J
Grant Havers J
Chapter 12: Literature: The Voice of Diversity ................................................................................................ 89
J J J J J J
Paula Jessop J
CHAPTER 1 J
Regionalism in Canada: The Forgotten Diversity J J J J J
Paul U. Angelini J J
CHAPTER SUMMARY J
Understanding regionalism is vital to understanding life in Canada. Regionalism is a form of diversity because Canada
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
is a country comprised of many regions where the inhabitants of each region regard themselves as different from those
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
in other regions. After all, regions are made up of people and people make regions.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
Provinces are the appropriate tools to examine regionalism because provinces speak with a single voice, command the
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
loyalty of their populations and possess the political tolls to create a shared regional identity.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
There are many explanations for the existence of regionalism. Four of the most popular are the natural resources
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
approach, market approaches, interventionist approaches and Marxist approaches. They are mutually exclusive
J J J J J J J J J J J J
explanations. More than one cannot be used to explain the existence of regional differences and their affect on
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
Canadian life. J
There are many factors that intensify regional differences. Two of the most important are federalism and our electoral
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
system, the single-member plurality system. Federalism is important because senior decision makers frequently
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
support the interests of some regions at the expense of others. Similarly, the single-member plurality system is based
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
on the principle of representation by population. Consequently, the provinces with the most people—Ontario and
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
Quebec—will determine the outcome of federal elections. Governments, therefore, will always cater to their interests
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
first.
The federal government, however, does have an interest in the wellbeing of the entire country. Paradoxically, the
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
federal government has made decisions and implemented policies that have both intensified regional differences (see
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
the case of Western Canada), and attempted to ameliorate these same differences. The three most common tools used
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
to lessen regional differences are reducing physical distances, spending money, and promoting understanding between
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
Canadians. J
Finally, whatever actions and policies are adopted by the federal government, there is always an important
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
sociopsychological component to regionalism that government and Canadians ignore at their own peril. The most J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
visible example of this is the contempt shared by most Canadians with regard to Central Canada and Metropolitan
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
Toronto. While this contempt brings some Canadians together, it drives others apart.
J J J J J J J J J J J J
,iii
Chapter 1 Regionalism in Canada: The Forgotten Diversity
J J J J J J J
TEST BANK QUESTIONS
J J
MULTIPLE CHOICE J
1. Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with regional analysis?
J J J J J J J J J J J
a. There is no consensus on regional definition
J J J J J J
b. Provinces are often confused with regions J J J J J
c. Some people consider it inappropriate to study Canadian residents by region
J J J J J J J J J J
d. Most people believe that regions are nonexistent
J J J J J J
ANS: D
REF: p. 5 J
2. A number of theoretical approaches are used to explain the causes of regionalism. Which of the following is NOT
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
one of the main theoretical approaches?
J J J J J
a. natural resources approach J J
b. state approach
J
c. interventionist approach J
d. Marxist approach J
ANS: B
REF: pp. 8-11 J
3. Which two factors intensify regionalism?
J J J J
a. imperialism and CBC J J
b. imperialism and the Commonwealth J J J
c. federalism and colonialism J J
d. federalism and the electoral system J J J J
ANS: D
REF: pp. 12-15 J
4. Which was NOT an attempt by the federal government to reduce regional differences?
J J J J J J J J J J J J
a. CPR
b. TCA
c. FIRA
d. transfer payments J
ANS: C
REF: pp. 26-29 J
5. How many Royal Commissions has the federal government initiated since 1867?
J J J J J J J J J J
a. 300
b. 400
c. 500
d. 600
ANS: B
REF: p. 29 J
6. What is Canada’s electoral system called?
J J J J J
a. absolute majority J
b. multi-member constituency J
, iv
c. single member plurality
J J
d. proportional representation J
ANS: C
REF: p. 14 J
7. How many regions are there in Canada?
J J J J J J
a. 4
b. 5
c. 7
d. 13
ANS: A
REF: p. 8 J
8. Where is the Golden Horseshoe area of Ontario?
J J J J J J J
a. between Kitchener and St. Catharines
J J J J
b. between Oshawa and Niagara Falls
J J J J
c. between Pickering and Peterborough
J J J
d. between London and St. Catharines
J J J J
ANS: B
REF: p. 6 J
9. Which theoretical approach asserts that some regions have prospered at the expense of others?
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
a. Marxist
b. free enterprise
J
c. market
d. interventionist
ANS: D
REF: p. 10 J
10. The Meech Lake Accord was an example of which type of decision making?
J J J J J J J J J J J J
a. executive federalism J
b. Canadian federalism J
c. parliamentary federalism J
d. unitary federalism J
ANS: A
REF: p. 13 J
11. Which of the following principles is used to determine how many seats each province has in the House of
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
Commons?
a. cooperation
b. federalism and executive federalism J J J
c. representation by population J J
d. proportional representation J
ANS: C
REF: p. 14 J
12. Which is NOT associated with regionalism?
J J J J J
a. national childcare J
b. social-psychological thoughts J
c. provinces
d. attitudes