PSYC 304 MAIN EXAMS 2 2026 UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Learning Perspective - ✔✔Early learning theories emphasized the important of
experience in development
ex: Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura
✔✔Cognitive-Developmental Perspective - ✔✔Development reflects children's efforts to
understand the world; children are viewed as "little scientists" who develop and revise
theories with experience
ex: Piaget
✔✔Contextual Perspective - ✔✔Development is determined by immediate and more
distant environments, which typically influence each other
ex: Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner
✔✔Five domains of development - ✔✔Physical, emotional (personality), social,
language, and cognition
Development in different domains of children's lives is always connected
, ✔✔Chromosomes - ✔✔Tiny structures in the nucleus that contain genetic material;
most cells have 46, but gametes (egg/sperm) have 23
✔✔In vitro fertilization - ✔✔Mixing sperm and egg together in a laboratory dish and then
placing a few of these fertilized eggs in the mother's uterus
✔✔Autosomes - ✔✔The first 22 pairs of chromosomes; the chromosomes in each pair
are about the same size
✔✔Sex chromosomes - ✔✔The 23rd pair of chromosomes; determined the sex of the
child
✔✔DNA - ✔✔Each chromosome consists of one molecule of DNA
✔✔Gene - ✔✔Each group of nucleotide bases that provides a specific set of
biochemical instructions; each gene is a section of the DNA strand
✔✔Genotype - ✔✔The complete set of genes that make up a person's heredity
✔✔Phenotype - ✔✔An individual's physical, behavioral, and psychological features;
produced by genetic instructions in conjunction with environmental influences
✔✔Alleles - ✔✔Different forms of genes
✔✔Homozygous - ✔✔When the alleles in the pair of chromosomes are the same
✔✔Heterozygous - ✔✔When the alleles in the pair of chromosomes are different
✔✔Incomplete dominance - ✔✔When one allele does not dominate another completely
ex: sickle-cell trait, wavy hair (curly/straight mix)
✔✔Sickle-cell trait - ✔✔Individuals with one dominant allele and one recessive allele for
sickle cell; when seriously short of oxygen, suffer from a temporary, relatively mild form
of the disease
✔✔Huntington's disease - ✔✔A fatal disease characterized by progressive
degeneration of the nervous system
✔✔Sex-linked disorder - ✔✔The gene carrying the disorder is carried on one of the sex
chromosomes
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Learning Perspective - ✔✔Early learning theories emphasized the important of
experience in development
ex: Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura
✔✔Cognitive-Developmental Perspective - ✔✔Development reflects children's efforts to
understand the world; children are viewed as "little scientists" who develop and revise
theories with experience
ex: Piaget
✔✔Contextual Perspective - ✔✔Development is determined by immediate and more
distant environments, which typically influence each other
ex: Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner
✔✔Five domains of development - ✔✔Physical, emotional (personality), social,
language, and cognition
Development in different domains of children's lives is always connected
, ✔✔Chromosomes - ✔✔Tiny structures in the nucleus that contain genetic material;
most cells have 46, but gametes (egg/sperm) have 23
✔✔In vitro fertilization - ✔✔Mixing sperm and egg together in a laboratory dish and then
placing a few of these fertilized eggs in the mother's uterus
✔✔Autosomes - ✔✔The first 22 pairs of chromosomes; the chromosomes in each pair
are about the same size
✔✔Sex chromosomes - ✔✔The 23rd pair of chromosomes; determined the sex of the
child
✔✔DNA - ✔✔Each chromosome consists of one molecule of DNA
✔✔Gene - ✔✔Each group of nucleotide bases that provides a specific set of
biochemical instructions; each gene is a section of the DNA strand
✔✔Genotype - ✔✔The complete set of genes that make up a person's heredity
✔✔Phenotype - ✔✔An individual's physical, behavioral, and psychological features;
produced by genetic instructions in conjunction with environmental influences
✔✔Alleles - ✔✔Different forms of genes
✔✔Homozygous - ✔✔When the alleles in the pair of chromosomes are the same
✔✔Heterozygous - ✔✔When the alleles in the pair of chromosomes are different
✔✔Incomplete dominance - ✔✔When one allele does not dominate another completely
ex: sickle-cell trait, wavy hair (curly/straight mix)
✔✔Sickle-cell trait - ✔✔Individuals with one dominant allele and one recessive allele for
sickle cell; when seriously short of oxygen, suffer from a temporary, relatively mild form
of the disease
✔✔Huntington's disease - ✔✔A fatal disease characterized by progressive
degeneration of the nervous system
✔✔Sex-linked disorder - ✔✔The gene carrying the disorder is carried on one of the sex
chromosomes
