ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY CORE MAIN
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE
A+
✔✔What lab abnormalities are seen later in post-renal failure - ✔✔Later post-renal
failure commonly causes a BUN/Cr ratio less than 20:1, urine sodium greater than 20,
low urine osmolality, and isosthenuria on urinalysis.
✔✔What imaging studies are used in post-renal failure - ✔✔Bladder scan and renal
ultrasound are commonly used in post-renal failure, and CT or MRI may occasionally be
used for further work-up.
✔✔What imaging study identifies most problems in post-renal failure - ✔✔Renal
ultrasound identifies most problems in post-renal failure.
✔✔How is post-renal failure treated - ✔✔Treatment of post-renal failure includes placing
a Foley catheter, relieving upper GU obstruction, adjusting medications, and monitoring
for post-obstructive diuresis.
✔✔How can upper GU tract obstruction be relieved in post-renal failure - ✔✔Upper GU
tract obstruction can be relieved with stents or nephrostomy.
, ✔✔What complication should be monitored for after relieving obstruction in post-renal
failure - ✔✔Patients should be monitored for post-obstructive diuresis after relieving
obstruction in post-renal failure.
✔✔What procedures can be used to relieve upper urinary tract obstruction in post-renal
failure - ✔✔Nephrostomy tubes and ureteral stents can be used to relieve upper urinary
tract obstruction in post-renal failure.
✔✔What is a nephrostomy tube used for in post-renal failure - ✔✔A nephrostomy tube
drains urine directly from the kidney in post-renal failure.
✔✔What is the purpose of a ureteral stent in post-renal failure - ✔✔A ureteral stent
helps maintain urine flow from the kidney to the bladder in post-renal failure.
✔✔What electrolyte abnormalities can occur in acute kidney injury - ✔✔Acute kidney
injury can cause hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hyperphosphatemia,
and hypocalcemia.
✔✔What acid-base abnormality commonly occurs in acute kidney injury - ✔✔Metabolic
acidosis commonly occurs in acute kidney injury.
✔✔What volume abnormality commonly occurs in acute kidney injury -
✔✔Hypervolemia commonly occurs in acute kidney injury.
✔✔Why do complications occur in acute kidney injury - ✔✔Complications of acute
kidney injury result from impaired water and electrolyte excretion.
✔✔What complications can occur in uremia - ✔✔Uremia can cause asterixis, coma,
seizures, severe encephalopathy, bleeding diathesis, pruritus, uremic pericarditis,
volume overload, and arrhythmias.
✔✔What does AEIOU stand for for indications of dialysis - ✔✔Acidosis, electrolyte
imbalance (hyperkalemia), ingestions (ASA,methanol), volume overload, uremia
causing end organ damage (pericarditis, encephalopathy)
✔✔What should be reviewed in the history when evaluating acute kidney injury -
✔✔The history should include infection, nephrotoxic agents, recent contrast studies,
and recent surgery.
✔✔What clinical information should be reviewed during evaluation of acute kidney injury
- ✔✔Vital signs and intake/output should be reviewed during evaluation of acute kidney
injury.
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE
A+
✔✔What lab abnormalities are seen later in post-renal failure - ✔✔Later post-renal
failure commonly causes a BUN/Cr ratio less than 20:1, urine sodium greater than 20,
low urine osmolality, and isosthenuria on urinalysis.
✔✔What imaging studies are used in post-renal failure - ✔✔Bladder scan and renal
ultrasound are commonly used in post-renal failure, and CT or MRI may occasionally be
used for further work-up.
✔✔What imaging study identifies most problems in post-renal failure - ✔✔Renal
ultrasound identifies most problems in post-renal failure.
✔✔How is post-renal failure treated - ✔✔Treatment of post-renal failure includes placing
a Foley catheter, relieving upper GU obstruction, adjusting medications, and monitoring
for post-obstructive diuresis.
✔✔How can upper GU tract obstruction be relieved in post-renal failure - ✔✔Upper GU
tract obstruction can be relieved with stents or nephrostomy.
, ✔✔What complication should be monitored for after relieving obstruction in post-renal
failure - ✔✔Patients should be monitored for post-obstructive diuresis after relieving
obstruction in post-renal failure.
✔✔What procedures can be used to relieve upper urinary tract obstruction in post-renal
failure - ✔✔Nephrostomy tubes and ureteral stents can be used to relieve upper urinary
tract obstruction in post-renal failure.
✔✔What is a nephrostomy tube used for in post-renal failure - ✔✔A nephrostomy tube
drains urine directly from the kidney in post-renal failure.
✔✔What is the purpose of a ureteral stent in post-renal failure - ✔✔A ureteral stent
helps maintain urine flow from the kidney to the bladder in post-renal failure.
✔✔What electrolyte abnormalities can occur in acute kidney injury - ✔✔Acute kidney
injury can cause hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hyperphosphatemia,
and hypocalcemia.
✔✔What acid-base abnormality commonly occurs in acute kidney injury - ✔✔Metabolic
acidosis commonly occurs in acute kidney injury.
✔✔What volume abnormality commonly occurs in acute kidney injury -
✔✔Hypervolemia commonly occurs in acute kidney injury.
✔✔Why do complications occur in acute kidney injury - ✔✔Complications of acute
kidney injury result from impaired water and electrolyte excretion.
✔✔What complications can occur in uremia - ✔✔Uremia can cause asterixis, coma,
seizures, severe encephalopathy, bleeding diathesis, pruritus, uremic pericarditis,
volume overload, and arrhythmias.
✔✔What does AEIOU stand for for indications of dialysis - ✔✔Acidosis, electrolyte
imbalance (hyperkalemia), ingestions (ASA,methanol), volume overload, uremia
causing end organ damage (pericarditis, encephalopathy)
✔✔What should be reviewed in the history when evaluating acute kidney injury -
✔✔The history should include infection, nephrotoxic agents, recent contrast studies,
and recent surgery.
✔✔What clinical information should be reviewed during evaluation of acute kidney injury
- ✔✔Vital signs and intake/output should be reviewed during evaluation of acute kidney
injury.
