NATIONAL PHYSICAL THERAPY UPDATED EXAMS
SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Glenohumeral Joint - ✔✔-approximation of the humeral head and glenoid fossa
-ball and socket joint
-3 degrees of freedom
-high mobility low stability
-most functional in scaption plane
✔✔What muscles in the sternoclavicular joint limit motion? - ✔✔-Anterior/Posterior
sternoclavicular tendon limit ant/post translation
-Costoclavicular tendon limits elevation
-Interclavicular tendon limits depression
✔✔List the types of bones: - ✔✔-long: femur
-short: trapezoid
-flat: sternum
-irregular: vertabrae
-sesamoid: patella
✔✔Rotator cuff - ✔✔-comprised of 4 muscles ("SITS" muscles)
-prevents the humeral head from rotating on the glenoid fossa
,✔✔Trendelenburg - ✔✔gait deviation caused by weak hip abductors on stance leg
-How to treat:
strengthen muscles, use AD, rest before getting tired, vc/tc
✔✔Synovial Joint - ✔✔no direct union between bony ends.
-articulates ends of bones with hyaline/articular cartilage by a cavity/capsule filled with
synovial fluid
-limited stability, but allows free motion
✔✔Acromialclavicular Joint - ✔✔Articulation between the acromion and lateral clavicle
-Superior/Inferior acromioclavicular ligaments: provides stability
✔✔Saddle joints - ✔✔-Allows motions in 2+ directions
-bones fit together like horseback rider in a saddle
-EX: CMC of thumb
✔✔Ball-and-socket joint - ✔✔-Allows motion in all 3 planes
-EX: hip/GH
✔✔Pivot joint - ✔✔-allows motion in the transverse plane
-EX: proximal radioulnar joint
✔✔Condyloid joint - ✔✔Motion in 2 different directions
-Wrist & MCP's
✔✔Hinge joint - ✔✔Motion occurs in 1 plane and 1 axis
-EX: humeroulnar & IP joints
✔✔What are the 5 normal end feels? - ✔✔-Hard: (elbow ext.)
-Firm muscular (hip flex. w/ knee flex.)
-Firm capsular (MCP ext.)
-Firm ligamentous (forearm sup.)
-Soft (elbow/knee flexion)
✔✔What are the 4 abnormal end feels? - ✔✔-Hard (Fx, OA, osteomyelitis)
-Firm (tight ligament/capsular, increased muscular tone)
-Soft: edema
-Empty: too painful to reach end ROM
✔✔Minimal Assistance (MinA) - ✔✔PTA does 25% of the work
pt does 75% of the work
✔✔Moderate Assistance (ModA) - ✔✔PTA does 50% of the work
pt does 50% of the work
,✔✔Maximum Assistance (MaxA) - ✔✔PTA does 75% of the work
pt does 25% of the work
✔✔Dependent (Total A) - ✔✔PTA does 76-100% of the work
pt does 0-24% of the work
✔✔Supervision (S) - ✔✔Pt does work with only VC's for safety
✔✔Modified Independent (ModI) - ✔✔Pt does work safely with extra time and/or AD
✔✔Independent (I) - ✔✔Pt does work safely on own
✔✔Contact Guard Assist (CGA) - ✔✔Pt requires TC's for safety (no lifting)
✔✔Toe Touch Weight Bearing (TTWB) - ✔✔Non-weightbearing, toe touches floor for
balance only
-Con: promotes plantar flexion contracture
✔✔Indications for cyotherapy - ✔✔-inflammation
-pain
-muscle spasms
-edema
✔✔5 parts to document with gomiometric measurements - ✔✔1. side of body
2. joint motion
3. motion
4. degree/quantity
5. end feel
✔✔Indications of tilt table - ✔✔-improve orthostatic hypotension
-facilitate WB
-prevent osteoporosis
-increase pulmonary ventilation
-increase alertness
✔✔5 cardinal signs of lifting - ✔✔1. keep load close (use shorter lever arm, COG close
to object)
2. Widen BOS
3. Isometric contraction
4. lift with legs
5. no twisting
✔✔body mechanics - ✔✔refers to the way in which we position our body during tasks
, ✔✔produce motion that is - ✔✔-safe
-energy conserving
-anatomically efficient
-maintain balance and control
-avoid valsalva
-reduce stress, fatigue, strain, and injury
✔✔Step length - ✔✔hel contact of 1 foot to heel contact of the other foot
✔✔speed - ✔✔rate at which distance is covered
✔✔contraindications for tilt table - ✔✔-B LE WB restrictions
-unstable spinal cord injury
-erratic BP
-Erratic HR/rhythm
✔✔Heart Rate - ✔✔the # of times the heart contracts during a given period of time
✔✔Where would you palpate an infant for a pulse? an adult? - ✔✔-infant:brachial pulse
-adult: carotid/radial
✔✔Tachycardia - ✔✔abnormally fast HR
above 100BPM
✔✔Bradycardia - ✔✔abnormally slow heartbeat
below 60 BPM
✔✔Stance phase - ✔✔time foot is in contact with the floor; 60% of cycle
✔✔Swing phase - ✔✔time foot spends in the air; 40% of cycle
✔✔Which assistive device would you use for WB precautions? - ✔✔-parallel bars
-standard walker (3pt or mod 3pt)
-axillary crutches (2pt or 4pt)
✔✔foot drop - ✔✔plantar flexed foot during swing cycle due to weak DF
✔✔High steppage gait - ✔✔excessive hip flexion to clear plantar flexed foot
✔✔Mobility vs. Flexibility - ✔✔flexibility refers to the ROM of muscles while mobility
refers to the ROM of joints
✔✔Hypermobility - ✔✔increase in ROM that exceed normal values for that joint
SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Glenohumeral Joint - ✔✔-approximation of the humeral head and glenoid fossa
-ball and socket joint
-3 degrees of freedom
-high mobility low stability
-most functional in scaption plane
✔✔What muscles in the sternoclavicular joint limit motion? - ✔✔-Anterior/Posterior
sternoclavicular tendon limit ant/post translation
-Costoclavicular tendon limits elevation
-Interclavicular tendon limits depression
✔✔List the types of bones: - ✔✔-long: femur
-short: trapezoid
-flat: sternum
-irregular: vertabrae
-sesamoid: patella
✔✔Rotator cuff - ✔✔-comprised of 4 muscles ("SITS" muscles)
-prevents the humeral head from rotating on the glenoid fossa
,✔✔Trendelenburg - ✔✔gait deviation caused by weak hip abductors on stance leg
-How to treat:
strengthen muscles, use AD, rest before getting tired, vc/tc
✔✔Synovial Joint - ✔✔no direct union between bony ends.
-articulates ends of bones with hyaline/articular cartilage by a cavity/capsule filled with
synovial fluid
-limited stability, but allows free motion
✔✔Acromialclavicular Joint - ✔✔Articulation between the acromion and lateral clavicle
-Superior/Inferior acromioclavicular ligaments: provides stability
✔✔Saddle joints - ✔✔-Allows motions in 2+ directions
-bones fit together like horseback rider in a saddle
-EX: CMC of thumb
✔✔Ball-and-socket joint - ✔✔-Allows motion in all 3 planes
-EX: hip/GH
✔✔Pivot joint - ✔✔-allows motion in the transverse plane
-EX: proximal radioulnar joint
✔✔Condyloid joint - ✔✔Motion in 2 different directions
-Wrist & MCP's
✔✔Hinge joint - ✔✔Motion occurs in 1 plane and 1 axis
-EX: humeroulnar & IP joints
✔✔What are the 5 normal end feels? - ✔✔-Hard: (elbow ext.)
-Firm muscular (hip flex. w/ knee flex.)
-Firm capsular (MCP ext.)
-Firm ligamentous (forearm sup.)
-Soft (elbow/knee flexion)
✔✔What are the 4 abnormal end feels? - ✔✔-Hard (Fx, OA, osteomyelitis)
-Firm (tight ligament/capsular, increased muscular tone)
-Soft: edema
-Empty: too painful to reach end ROM
✔✔Minimal Assistance (MinA) - ✔✔PTA does 25% of the work
pt does 75% of the work
✔✔Moderate Assistance (ModA) - ✔✔PTA does 50% of the work
pt does 50% of the work
,✔✔Maximum Assistance (MaxA) - ✔✔PTA does 75% of the work
pt does 25% of the work
✔✔Dependent (Total A) - ✔✔PTA does 76-100% of the work
pt does 0-24% of the work
✔✔Supervision (S) - ✔✔Pt does work with only VC's for safety
✔✔Modified Independent (ModI) - ✔✔Pt does work safely with extra time and/or AD
✔✔Independent (I) - ✔✔Pt does work safely on own
✔✔Contact Guard Assist (CGA) - ✔✔Pt requires TC's for safety (no lifting)
✔✔Toe Touch Weight Bearing (TTWB) - ✔✔Non-weightbearing, toe touches floor for
balance only
-Con: promotes plantar flexion contracture
✔✔Indications for cyotherapy - ✔✔-inflammation
-pain
-muscle spasms
-edema
✔✔5 parts to document with gomiometric measurements - ✔✔1. side of body
2. joint motion
3. motion
4. degree/quantity
5. end feel
✔✔Indications of tilt table - ✔✔-improve orthostatic hypotension
-facilitate WB
-prevent osteoporosis
-increase pulmonary ventilation
-increase alertness
✔✔5 cardinal signs of lifting - ✔✔1. keep load close (use shorter lever arm, COG close
to object)
2. Widen BOS
3. Isometric contraction
4. lift with legs
5. no twisting
✔✔body mechanics - ✔✔refers to the way in which we position our body during tasks
, ✔✔produce motion that is - ✔✔-safe
-energy conserving
-anatomically efficient
-maintain balance and control
-avoid valsalva
-reduce stress, fatigue, strain, and injury
✔✔Step length - ✔✔hel contact of 1 foot to heel contact of the other foot
✔✔speed - ✔✔rate at which distance is covered
✔✔contraindications for tilt table - ✔✔-B LE WB restrictions
-unstable spinal cord injury
-erratic BP
-Erratic HR/rhythm
✔✔Heart Rate - ✔✔the # of times the heart contracts during a given period of time
✔✔Where would you palpate an infant for a pulse? an adult? - ✔✔-infant:brachial pulse
-adult: carotid/radial
✔✔Tachycardia - ✔✔abnormally fast HR
above 100BPM
✔✔Bradycardia - ✔✔abnormally slow heartbeat
below 60 BPM
✔✔Stance phase - ✔✔time foot is in contact with the floor; 60% of cycle
✔✔Swing phase - ✔✔time foot spends in the air; 40% of cycle
✔✔Which assistive device would you use for WB precautions? - ✔✔-parallel bars
-standard walker (3pt or mod 3pt)
-axillary crutches (2pt or 4pt)
✔✔foot drop - ✔✔plantar flexed foot during swing cycle due to weak DF
✔✔High steppage gait - ✔✔excessive hip flexion to clear plantar flexed foot
✔✔Mobility vs. Flexibility - ✔✔flexibility refers to the ROM of muscles while mobility
refers to the ROM of joints
✔✔Hypermobility - ✔✔increase in ROM that exceed normal values for that joint
