NURS 334 UPDATED 2026 EXAMINERS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔four types of anticoagulants - ✔✔heparins, vitamin K antagonists, direct thrombin
inhibitors (DTIs), and direct factor Xa inhibitors.
✔✔Heparin - ✔✔a pharmaceutical preparation of the natural anticoagulant produced
primarily by mast cells in pericapillary connective tissue, and it is the prototype
anticoagulant
✔✔thrombolytic agents - ✔✔drugs used to dissolve thrombi (blood clots)
✔✔hemostasis - ✔✔is the process that maintains the integrity of the vascular
compartment
✔✔can drugs work at different parts of the cascade - ✔✔yes
✔✔anticoagulants - ✔✔Disrupt the coagulation cascade, thereby suppressing the
production of fibrin
✔✔antiplatelets - ✔✔inhibit platelet aggregation
✔✔thrombolytics - ✔✔Promote lysis of fibrin, causing dissolution of thrombi
, ✔✔anticoagulant - ✔✔inhibit synthesis of clotting factor
✔✔heparin (unfractioned) - ✔✔never given by mouth or IM and is given to prevent more
clots not to dissolve the current
sources: lungs of cattle and intestine of pigs
rapid acting= 30 mins
parenteral only= IV
will cause a lot of bleeding if cut while taking this
✔✔therapeutic use of heparin - ✔✔pulmonary embolism
stroke evolving
dvt
open heart surgery
renal dialysis
low dose therapy post op
✔✔adverse effect of heparin - ✔✔haemorrhage
HIT Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
hypersensitivity
✔✔contraindication of heparin - ✔✔thrombocytopenia
uncontrollable bleeding -- after surgery (eye, brain, spinal cord)
✔✔Antidote for heparin - ✔✔protamine sulfate
✔✔heparin measured in - ✔✔units
✔✔Atherosclerosis - ✔✔the basic disease process that often leads to pathologic
thrombosis
✔✔Anticoagulant drug: heparin - ✔✔prototype: heparin
other drugs: Dalteparin
Enoxaparin
✔✔Anticoagulant drug: Other anticoagulant drugs - ✔✔other drugs: Fondaparinux
✔✔Anticoagulant drug: Vitamin K antagonists - ✔✔Prototype: warfarin
✔✔Anticoagulant drug: Direct thrombin inhibitors - ✔✔Prototype: Dabigatran etexilate
Other Drugs: Argatroban
Bivalirudin
Desirudin
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔four types of anticoagulants - ✔✔heparins, vitamin K antagonists, direct thrombin
inhibitors (DTIs), and direct factor Xa inhibitors.
✔✔Heparin - ✔✔a pharmaceutical preparation of the natural anticoagulant produced
primarily by mast cells in pericapillary connective tissue, and it is the prototype
anticoagulant
✔✔thrombolytic agents - ✔✔drugs used to dissolve thrombi (blood clots)
✔✔hemostasis - ✔✔is the process that maintains the integrity of the vascular
compartment
✔✔can drugs work at different parts of the cascade - ✔✔yes
✔✔anticoagulants - ✔✔Disrupt the coagulation cascade, thereby suppressing the
production of fibrin
✔✔antiplatelets - ✔✔inhibit platelet aggregation
✔✔thrombolytics - ✔✔Promote lysis of fibrin, causing dissolution of thrombi
, ✔✔anticoagulant - ✔✔inhibit synthesis of clotting factor
✔✔heparin (unfractioned) - ✔✔never given by mouth or IM and is given to prevent more
clots not to dissolve the current
sources: lungs of cattle and intestine of pigs
rapid acting= 30 mins
parenteral only= IV
will cause a lot of bleeding if cut while taking this
✔✔therapeutic use of heparin - ✔✔pulmonary embolism
stroke evolving
dvt
open heart surgery
renal dialysis
low dose therapy post op
✔✔adverse effect of heparin - ✔✔haemorrhage
HIT Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
hypersensitivity
✔✔contraindication of heparin - ✔✔thrombocytopenia
uncontrollable bleeding -- after surgery (eye, brain, spinal cord)
✔✔Antidote for heparin - ✔✔protamine sulfate
✔✔heparin measured in - ✔✔units
✔✔Atherosclerosis - ✔✔the basic disease process that often leads to pathologic
thrombosis
✔✔Anticoagulant drug: heparin - ✔✔prototype: heparin
other drugs: Dalteparin
Enoxaparin
✔✔Anticoagulant drug: Other anticoagulant drugs - ✔✔other drugs: Fondaparinux
✔✔Anticoagulant drug: Vitamin K antagonists - ✔✔Prototype: warfarin
✔✔Anticoagulant drug: Direct thrombin inhibitors - ✔✔Prototype: Dabigatran etexilate
Other Drugs: Argatroban
Bivalirudin
Desirudin
