NURS 334 LATEST EXAMS SCRIPT QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔first-pass effect - ✔✔only part of a drug dose reaching the systemic circulation for
distribution to sites of action
✔✔serum drug level - ✔✔laboratory measurement of the amount of a drug in the blood
at a particular time
✔✔Serum half-life - ✔✔time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease
by 50%; also called elimination half-life
✔✔Pharmacodynamics - ✔✔involves drug actions on target cells and the resulting
alterations in cellular biochemical reactions and functions
✔✔Agonists - ✔✔drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally
occurring hormones, neurotransmitters, and other substances
✔✔Antagonists - ✔✔drugs that inhibit cell function by occupying receptor sites
✔✔dosage - ✔✔refers to the frequency, size, and number of doses; it is a major
determinant of drug actions and responses, both therapeutic and adverse
, ✔✔loading dose - ✔✔use of a higher dose than what is usually used for treatment to
allow the drug to reach the critical concentration sooner
✔✔maintenance dose - ✔✔the dose of drug that maintains or keeps the drug in the
therapeutic range
✔✔excretion - ✔✔the process by which wastes are removed from the body
✔✔primary excretion organ - ✔✔kidney
✔✔excretion also occurs through - ✔✔skin, bile, tears, lungs, and saliva
✔✔Synergism - ✔✔occurs when two drugs with different sites or mechanisms of action
produce greater effects when taken together
✔✔antidote - ✔✔given to antagonize the effects of another toxic drug
✔✔pharmacogenomics - ✔✔study of genetic variations in drug response
✔✔adverse effects - ✔✔refers to any undesired responses to drug administration, as
opposed to therapeutic effects, which are desired responses
✔✔adverse effects will produce what - ✔✔any symptom or disease process and may
involve any body system or tissue. They may be common or rare, mild or severe,
localized or widespread—depending on the drug and the recipient
✔✔does every drug have an adverse effect - ✔✔yes
✔✔adverse effects of CNS - ✔✔agitation and confusion
✔✔adverse effects of GI - ✔✔nausea and vomiting
✔✔hematologic adverse effects - ✔✔excessive bleeding
✔✔Pregnancy Risk: Category A - ✔✔Risk to the fetus in the first trimester
✔✔Pregnancy Risk: Category B - ✔✔Animal reproduction studies have not
demonstrated risk to the fetus, and there are no well-controlled studies in pregnant
women.
✔✔Pregnancy Risk: Category C - ✔✔Animal reproduction studies have not
demonstrated risk to the fetus, and there are no well-controlled studies in pregnant
women; however, potential benefits may outweigh potential risk in use of drug in
pregnant women.
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔first-pass effect - ✔✔only part of a drug dose reaching the systemic circulation for
distribution to sites of action
✔✔serum drug level - ✔✔laboratory measurement of the amount of a drug in the blood
at a particular time
✔✔Serum half-life - ✔✔time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease
by 50%; also called elimination half-life
✔✔Pharmacodynamics - ✔✔involves drug actions on target cells and the resulting
alterations in cellular biochemical reactions and functions
✔✔Agonists - ✔✔drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally
occurring hormones, neurotransmitters, and other substances
✔✔Antagonists - ✔✔drugs that inhibit cell function by occupying receptor sites
✔✔dosage - ✔✔refers to the frequency, size, and number of doses; it is a major
determinant of drug actions and responses, both therapeutic and adverse
, ✔✔loading dose - ✔✔use of a higher dose than what is usually used for treatment to
allow the drug to reach the critical concentration sooner
✔✔maintenance dose - ✔✔the dose of drug that maintains or keeps the drug in the
therapeutic range
✔✔excretion - ✔✔the process by which wastes are removed from the body
✔✔primary excretion organ - ✔✔kidney
✔✔excretion also occurs through - ✔✔skin, bile, tears, lungs, and saliva
✔✔Synergism - ✔✔occurs when two drugs with different sites or mechanisms of action
produce greater effects when taken together
✔✔antidote - ✔✔given to antagonize the effects of another toxic drug
✔✔pharmacogenomics - ✔✔study of genetic variations in drug response
✔✔adverse effects - ✔✔refers to any undesired responses to drug administration, as
opposed to therapeutic effects, which are desired responses
✔✔adverse effects will produce what - ✔✔any symptom or disease process and may
involve any body system or tissue. They may be common or rare, mild or severe,
localized or widespread—depending on the drug and the recipient
✔✔does every drug have an adverse effect - ✔✔yes
✔✔adverse effects of CNS - ✔✔agitation and confusion
✔✔adverse effects of GI - ✔✔nausea and vomiting
✔✔hematologic adverse effects - ✔✔excessive bleeding
✔✔Pregnancy Risk: Category A - ✔✔Risk to the fetus in the first trimester
✔✔Pregnancy Risk: Category B - ✔✔Animal reproduction studies have not
demonstrated risk to the fetus, and there are no well-controlled studies in pregnant
women.
✔✔Pregnancy Risk: Category C - ✔✔Animal reproduction studies have not
demonstrated risk to the fetus, and there are no well-controlled studies in pregnant
women; however, potential benefits may outweigh potential risk in use of drug in
pregnant women.
