Biology Chapters 4 and 5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dswe6n
1. List and explain the three ele- 1) The cell is the smallest fundamental unit of life - the first
ments of cell theory: stage in which all 7 characteristics of life appear
2) All living things are made of cells - every organism has
cells that keep it running
3) Cells must come from cells - All cells come from the mitosis
(division) of cells
2. What are the three types of mi- Light, scanning electron, transmission electron
croscopes?
3. How does each microscope 1) Light - visible light is passed through a specimen and then
work? bent through glass lenses
2) Scanning Electron - A beam of electrons passes across the
specimen's surface and reflects. A computer uses the pattern
of reflections to build up a 3D image.
3) Transmission Electron - A microscope that passes a fo-
cused beam of electrons through a thin slice of the specimen
4. What determines the limits on a A cell must be so small as to maximize the surface to volume
cell's size? ratio, but big enough to hold everything in the cell
5. Why is having a small surface to More surface area means that more reactions can take place
volume ratio important? - the cell is more efficient
6. What are four things all cells 1) DNA
contain? 2) Ribosomes
3) Cell membrane
4) Cytosol
7. What do plant cells have that an- Cell wall, central vacuole, choloroplasts
imal cells do not?
8.
, Biology Chapters 4 and 5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dswe6n
What is the purpose of the cell Rigid barrier that protects and gives structural support to the
wall? cell
9. What is the cell wall made of? cellulose
10. What do the cell walls contain plasmodesmata (singular plasmodesma)
that allow them to communicate
with each other?
11. What is the plasma membrane Boundary between the cell and its surroundings. Regulates
and what is its function? traffic in and out of the cell.
12. What is the plasma membrane a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, carbohy-
made of? drates, and cholesterol.
13. What are the parts of the nucle- 1) Nuclear envelope
us? 2) Nucleolus
3) Chromatin and chromosomes
14. What is the nuclear envelope double membrane of phospholipid bilayers. Has embedded
made out of? proteins like the plasma membrane
15. What does the nuclear envelope regulates the entry and exit of large molecules and connects
do? the cell with the endoplasmic reticulum
16. What does the nucleolus do? synthesizes rRNA, which forms into ribosomes
17. What is chromatin readable DNA - not coiled
18. What are chromosomes Coiled DNA in the cell that is not readable.
19. What does the ribosome do? Makes and assembles proteins - trace along mRNA to build
proteins
20. What does the Rough ER do?
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dswe6n
1. List and explain the three ele- 1) The cell is the smallest fundamental unit of life - the first
ments of cell theory: stage in which all 7 characteristics of life appear
2) All living things are made of cells - every organism has
cells that keep it running
3) Cells must come from cells - All cells come from the mitosis
(division) of cells
2. What are the three types of mi- Light, scanning electron, transmission electron
croscopes?
3. How does each microscope 1) Light - visible light is passed through a specimen and then
work? bent through glass lenses
2) Scanning Electron - A beam of electrons passes across the
specimen's surface and reflects. A computer uses the pattern
of reflections to build up a 3D image.
3) Transmission Electron - A microscope that passes a fo-
cused beam of electrons through a thin slice of the specimen
4. What determines the limits on a A cell must be so small as to maximize the surface to volume
cell's size? ratio, but big enough to hold everything in the cell
5. Why is having a small surface to More surface area means that more reactions can take place
volume ratio important? - the cell is more efficient
6. What are four things all cells 1) DNA
contain? 2) Ribosomes
3) Cell membrane
4) Cytosol
7. What do plant cells have that an- Cell wall, central vacuole, choloroplasts
imal cells do not?
8.
, Biology Chapters 4 and 5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dswe6n
What is the purpose of the cell Rigid barrier that protects and gives structural support to the
wall? cell
9. What is the cell wall made of? cellulose
10. What do the cell walls contain plasmodesmata (singular plasmodesma)
that allow them to communicate
with each other?
11. What is the plasma membrane Boundary between the cell and its surroundings. Regulates
and what is its function? traffic in and out of the cell.
12. What is the plasma membrane a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, carbohy-
made of? drates, and cholesterol.
13. What are the parts of the nucle- 1) Nuclear envelope
us? 2) Nucleolus
3) Chromatin and chromosomes
14. What is the nuclear envelope double membrane of phospholipid bilayers. Has embedded
made out of? proteins like the plasma membrane
15. What does the nuclear envelope regulates the entry and exit of large molecules and connects
do? the cell with the endoplasmic reticulum
16. What does the nucleolus do? synthesizes rRNA, which forms into ribosomes
17. What is chromatin readable DNA - not coiled
18. What are chromosomes Coiled DNA in the cell that is not readable.
19. What does the ribosome do? Makes and assembles proteins - trace along mRNA to build
proteins
20. What does the Rough ER do?
