Midterm Exam - NURS 1100 Question
and answers correctly solved 2026
What is the WHO definition of health? - correct answer ✔a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is the difference between disease and illness? - correct answer ✔disease: objective state of ill
health, the pathological process of which can be detected by medical science
illness: subjective experience of loss of health
What is the definition of wellness? - correct answer ✔subjective human experience of health
What are social determinants of health? - correct answer ✔economic and social conditions that shape
the health of individuals, communities, and jurisdictions as a whole
What is a risk factor? - correct answer ✔condition that increases a person's susceptibility to develop a
disease
What are psychosocial risk factors? - correct answer ✔complex psychological experiences that result
from social circumstances (isolation, lack of social support, low self-esteem, self-blame, perceived
power)
What are socioenvironmental risk factors? - correct answer ✔social and environmental living
conditions (poverty, low educational/occupational status, dangerous or stressful work, dangerous
physical environments, pollution, discrimination, relative political powerlessness, income inequalities)
What is structural vulnerability? - correct answer ✔societal systems (economic, political, cultural)
create patterns of disadvantage, making certain groups more susceptible to negative outcomes (poor
health, violence, poverty) even when institutions aim to help
,Definition: health differences closely linked to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantages
that adversely affect groups that have systematically experienced greater obstacles to health? - correct
answer ✔health disparities
Definition: systematic, avoidable differences in health status or outcomes between population groups? -
correct answer ✔health inequalities
Definition: absence of unfair systems and policies that cause health inequalities, seeks to increase access
to opportunities/conditions conducive to health for all? - correct answer ✔health equity
What is the negative definition of health? - correct answer ✔absence of disease (health and illness on a
continuum with maximum health at one end and death at the other)
What is the positive definition of health? - correct answer ✔health and illness are distinct but
interrelated concepts → person can have a disease yet possess healthy characteristics
What are some multidimensional components of health? - correct answer ✔physical, mental, social,
spiritual
Which conceptualization of health: maintenance of physiological, functional, social norms? - correct
answer ✔health as stabiity
Which conceptualization of health: attaining human potential (health/wellness used interchangeably)? -
correct answer ✔health as actualization
Which conceptualization of health: ability to meet demands of everyday life? - correct answer ✔health
as actualization AND stability
,Which conceptualization of health: allows person to fulfill roles, meet demands, and engage in the
activities of everyday living? - correct answer ✔health as resource
Which conceptualization of health: reflecting the whole person as process and is synonymous with self-
transcendence? - correct answer ✔health as unity
What is the conceptualization of health referred to by most contemporary nursing theorists? - correct
answer ✔health as stability or actualization
What are the 3 major models of health? - correct answer ✔1. medical (biomedical model)
2. behavioural
3. socioenvironmental
What is a downstream approach to health? - correct answer ✔focuses on individual health concerns,
treatment, and care
Which model of health places responsibility for health on the individual (health promotion)? - correct
answer ✔behavioural
Which model of health represents a stability orientation to health? - correct answer ✔biomedical
Which model of health says that health behaviours cannot be separated from the social contexts in
which they occur, and health is closely tied to social structures (e.g., poverty, pollution, water quality)? -
correct answer ✔socioenvironmental
Which model of health determines that the health care system is essential for populations to remain
healthy? - correct answer ✔biomedical
, Which model of health defines health problems as physiological risk factors causing disease? - correct
answer ✔biomedical
Which model of health is downstream? - correct answer ✔biomedical
Which model of health is upstream? - correct answer ✔socioenvironmental
Which health policy document supports a socioenvironmental approach? - correct answer ✔Ottawa
Charter for Health Promotion
Which health policy document says that improvements in environment, reduced self-imposed risks,
greater knowledge of human biology are required to improve Canadians' health status? - correct
answer ✔Lalonde Report
Which health policy document was the 1st health promotion, aimed to decrease behavioural risk factors
(smoking, substance use, lack of exercise, unhealthy diet)? - correct answer ✔Health Promotion
Directorate
What are the 9 prerequisites for health on the Ottawa Charter? - correct answer ✔peace, shelter,
education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion places responsibility for health on ___________. - correct
answer ✔society (rather than individual alone)
The Ottawa Charter's focus on social justice and equity incorporated _______________ as an important
goal for HCPs. - correct answer ✔empowerment
What are the 5 strategies to promote health on the Ottawa Charter? - correct answer ✔1. Building
healthy public policy
and answers correctly solved 2026
What is the WHO definition of health? - correct answer ✔a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is the difference between disease and illness? - correct answer ✔disease: objective state of ill
health, the pathological process of which can be detected by medical science
illness: subjective experience of loss of health
What is the definition of wellness? - correct answer ✔subjective human experience of health
What are social determinants of health? - correct answer ✔economic and social conditions that shape
the health of individuals, communities, and jurisdictions as a whole
What is a risk factor? - correct answer ✔condition that increases a person's susceptibility to develop a
disease
What are psychosocial risk factors? - correct answer ✔complex psychological experiences that result
from social circumstances (isolation, lack of social support, low self-esteem, self-blame, perceived
power)
What are socioenvironmental risk factors? - correct answer ✔social and environmental living
conditions (poverty, low educational/occupational status, dangerous or stressful work, dangerous
physical environments, pollution, discrimination, relative political powerlessness, income inequalities)
What is structural vulnerability? - correct answer ✔societal systems (economic, political, cultural)
create patterns of disadvantage, making certain groups more susceptible to negative outcomes (poor
health, violence, poverty) even when institutions aim to help
,Definition: health differences closely linked to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantages
that adversely affect groups that have systematically experienced greater obstacles to health? - correct
answer ✔health disparities
Definition: systematic, avoidable differences in health status or outcomes between population groups? -
correct answer ✔health inequalities
Definition: absence of unfair systems and policies that cause health inequalities, seeks to increase access
to opportunities/conditions conducive to health for all? - correct answer ✔health equity
What is the negative definition of health? - correct answer ✔absence of disease (health and illness on a
continuum with maximum health at one end and death at the other)
What is the positive definition of health? - correct answer ✔health and illness are distinct but
interrelated concepts → person can have a disease yet possess healthy characteristics
What are some multidimensional components of health? - correct answer ✔physical, mental, social,
spiritual
Which conceptualization of health: maintenance of physiological, functional, social norms? - correct
answer ✔health as stabiity
Which conceptualization of health: attaining human potential (health/wellness used interchangeably)? -
correct answer ✔health as actualization
Which conceptualization of health: ability to meet demands of everyday life? - correct answer ✔health
as actualization AND stability
,Which conceptualization of health: allows person to fulfill roles, meet demands, and engage in the
activities of everyday living? - correct answer ✔health as resource
Which conceptualization of health: reflecting the whole person as process and is synonymous with self-
transcendence? - correct answer ✔health as unity
What is the conceptualization of health referred to by most contemporary nursing theorists? - correct
answer ✔health as stability or actualization
What are the 3 major models of health? - correct answer ✔1. medical (biomedical model)
2. behavioural
3. socioenvironmental
What is a downstream approach to health? - correct answer ✔focuses on individual health concerns,
treatment, and care
Which model of health places responsibility for health on the individual (health promotion)? - correct
answer ✔behavioural
Which model of health represents a stability orientation to health? - correct answer ✔biomedical
Which model of health says that health behaviours cannot be separated from the social contexts in
which they occur, and health is closely tied to social structures (e.g., poverty, pollution, water quality)? -
correct answer ✔socioenvironmental
Which model of health determines that the health care system is essential for populations to remain
healthy? - correct answer ✔biomedical
, Which model of health defines health problems as physiological risk factors causing disease? - correct
answer ✔biomedical
Which model of health is downstream? - correct answer ✔biomedical
Which model of health is upstream? - correct answer ✔socioenvironmental
Which health policy document supports a socioenvironmental approach? - correct answer ✔Ottawa
Charter for Health Promotion
Which health policy document says that improvements in environment, reduced self-imposed risks,
greater knowledge of human biology are required to improve Canadians' health status? - correct
answer ✔Lalonde Report
Which health policy document was the 1st health promotion, aimed to decrease behavioural risk factors
(smoking, substance use, lack of exercise, unhealthy diet)? - correct answer ✔Health Promotion
Directorate
What are the 9 prerequisites for health on the Ottawa Charter? - correct answer ✔peace, shelter,
education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion places responsibility for health on ___________. - correct
answer ✔society (rather than individual alone)
The Ottawa Charter's focus on social justice and equity incorporated _______________ as an important
goal for HCPs. - correct answer ✔empowerment
What are the 5 strategies to promote health on the Ottawa Charter? - correct answer ✔1. Building
healthy public policy
