TESTBANK
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
Patrick J. Hurley
,Chapter 1 Test A dw dw dw
MULTIPLE CHOICE dw
INSTRUCTIONS: TheTfollowing selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments a dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
nd identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
1. There appears to beTa growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are workin g
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw d
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical wo
w dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
man spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unplea
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
sant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... betweenTmen and women. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: D d w PTS: 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other m et
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
als in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (wh
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ich can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme productio n (w
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
hich can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions tha t tran
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw d w dw
smit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall informatio n.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" dw dw dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. dw dw dw dw
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: C d w PTS: 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose th e
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
proper amountTof emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emo tio
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
n and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capa
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
city to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whate ver the
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
situation.
dw
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice dw dw dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E d w PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, andTmany of them also pay state, local, and federal income ta x
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount thes e
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw d w dw
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their em
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ployers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal im migran
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ts contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
1
, a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A d w PTS: d w d w 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-
dw dw dw dw dw
American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other eth n
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ic groups. BlackTwomen have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against property an d
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women endedTu p s
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
erving one-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and ImprisonmentTin theTU.S." dw dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: ForTboth murderTand drug offenses ... black women. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: B d w PTS: 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal el
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw d w dw
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing ident ity
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by usingTthese zombie compute rs to
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
visit pay-per-click ads.
dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: E d w PTS: 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through t
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
he atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and theTmagnetosphere reflect the state of
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy dw dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: C d w PTS: 2
8. If theTtrade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communitie s
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw d w
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines c an
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw d
be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sus taini
w dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ng prey will beTrestored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. dw dw dw dw dw dw
2
, d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: A d w PTS: 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to un de
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
rstand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel, lea rn, r
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
emember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how aTneuron works and how neurons c omm
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
unicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behaviorTand mental pr ocessi
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ng.
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction dw dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. dw dw dw dw dw
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D d w PTS: 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composedTof a n uc
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
leic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living org ani
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
sms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored in a
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells andTcause disease.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations dw dw dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: B d w PTS: 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming pr
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
oblem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down b y 8
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
2 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltai c ce
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw d w dw
lls have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Tod ay th
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e costs of wind and solar power are becoming competitive withTdirty coal-fired plants.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: D d w PTS: 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners inTthis country have been executed for crimes they did not commit. Fr
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
om 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA evi den
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ce played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. F or ma
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ny of these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available, how may m
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ore would have been exonerated?
dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
3
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
Patrick J. Hurley
,Chapter 1 Test A dw dw dw
MULTIPLE CHOICE dw
INSTRUCTIONS: TheTfollowing selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments a dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
nd identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
1. There appears to beTa growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are workin g
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw d
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical wo
w dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
man spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unplea
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
sant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... betweenTmen and women. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: D d w PTS: 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other m et
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
als in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (wh
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ich can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme productio n (w
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
hich can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions tha t tran
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw d w dw
smit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall informatio n.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" dw dw dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. dw dw dw dw
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: C d w PTS: 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose th e
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
proper amountTof emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emo tio
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
n and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capa
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
city to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whate ver the
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
situation.
dw
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice dw dw dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E d w PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, andTmany of them also pay state, local, and federal income ta x
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount thes e
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw d w dw
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their em
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ployers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal im migran
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ts contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
1
, a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A d w PTS: d w d w 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-
dw dw dw dw dw
American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other eth n
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ic groups. BlackTwomen have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against property an d
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women endedTu p s
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
erving one-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and ImprisonmentTin theTU.S." dw dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: ForTboth murderTand drug offenses ... black women. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: B d w PTS: 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal el
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw d w dw
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing ident ity
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by usingTthese zombie compute rs to
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
visit pay-per-click ads.
dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: E d w PTS: 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through t
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
he atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and theTmagnetosphere reflect the state of
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy dw dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: C d w PTS: 2
8. If theTtrade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communitie s
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw d w
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines c an
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw d
be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sus taini
w dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ng prey will beTrestored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. dw dw dw dw dw dw
2
, d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: A d w PTS: 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to un de
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
rstand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel, lea rn, r
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
emember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how aTneuron works and how neurons c omm
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
unicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behaviorTand mental pr ocessi
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ng.
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction dw dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. dw dw dw dw dw
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D d w PTS: 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composedTof a n uc
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
leic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living org ani
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
sms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored in a
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells andTcause disease.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations dw dw dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: B d w PTS: 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming pr
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
oblem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down b y 8
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
2 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltai c ce
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw d w dw
lls have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Tod ay th
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
e costs of wind and solar power are becoming competitive withTdirty coal-fired plants.
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ANS: D d w PTS: 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners inTthis country have been executed for crimes they did not commit. Fr
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
om 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA evi den
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ce played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. F or ma
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ny of these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available, how may m
dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
ore would have been exonerated?
dw dw dw dw
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw dw
3
