ABA 630 - Test 1 - Intro and History Review Exam Questions And Detailed Correct Answers

Ivan Pavolv - correct answers Noble-prize-winning physiologist (not psych), Salivary reflex - dogs producing saliva at sound of bell after pairing it with food, Respondent condition Edward Thorndike - correct answers "purposeful" action, Law of effect, Studied cats and put them in boxes and measured how long it would take for them to get out to get food, When there are desirable consequence to behavior the behaviors happen faster - law of effect John Watson - correct answers Respondent conditioning in humans - specially fear response, Pairing loud noise while showing rabbit to baby to see if the baby would become fearful B.F Skinner - correct answers Founder of behaviorism, Operant conditioning - what are consequences and antecedents to behavior, We can alter behavior if we alter environment Radical Behaviorism (a la Skinner) - correct answers Skinner's philosophical basis, Everything is fruit for the science of behavior, Covert behavior (thinking, feeling, emotions, problem-solving) is still observable, just by one person Also includes large social structures, such as government, legal systems, religious systems, etc Methodological Behaviorism ( a la Watson) - correct answers Watson's philosophical basis, Only focused on the outwardly observable and measurable, No room in the science for thinking, feeling, social structure, etc Often criticized for being too narrow Defining Principles of Behaviorism - correct answers Determinism, Empiricism, Experimentation, Parsimony, Replication, Philosophical Determinism - correct answers Behavior is lawful - IF we can know and control all the variables, we could predict behavior. Behavior is not just random it comes from a history of events and environmental components. Idea that events that are occurring in nature describing behavior are lawful. Empiricism - correct answers What we know is learned from observation, not from theorizing. Using data from the environment and observation of things to make a statement or a clue Experimentation - correct answers (scientific method) systematically observe behaviors and responses and determine through testing if there has been changes, and modify hypotheses if necessary Parsimony - correct answers The simplest explanation - with the fewest guesses or extra steps - is the often the most correct choice Replication - correct answers Replicating a result by replicating methods strengthens the believability of the principle. make sure something is happening more than once and we are reproducing things found before and by other researchers Philosophical Doubt - correct answers we must be willing to abandon our theories if they are not reflected in what we see in the world. Behaviorism vs. Behavior Analysis - correct answers Behaviorism is a philosophy of science. Behavior analysis is the experimental study of behavior, using the philosophical principles of behaviorism. Applied Behavior Analysis is the application of behavior-analytic science, methods, and principles to issues of social importance EAB - correct answers experimental analysis of behavior JEAB - correct answers Journal of the experimental Analysis of behavior (primary basic journal) JABA - correct answers Journal of Applied behavior analysis (primary applied journal). 1968 - First issue of JABA; ABA established as distinct field ABAI - correct answers Association for behavior analysis international (governing body for the science). 1947 - ABAI founded (then just ABA) MNABA, CalABA, FABA, MAbA - correct answers regional affiliate chapters of ABAI (Minnesota, Northland, California, Florida) APBA - correct answers association of professional behavior analysts (governing body for lobbying and professional issues). 2007 - APBA founded BACB - correct answers Behavior analyst certification board (governing body for certification). 1998 - BACB established Behavior analysts avoid: - correct answers Mentalism, Assuming causation from correlation, Applying "value" judgements to "behavior," No behavior is good or bad Mentalism - correct answers Idea that we are using constructs or other variables to explain things that are observable. Giving special status to certain processes - holding certain processes to high regard because they might think they are unique Behavior modification VS ABA - correct answers ABA takes the time to collect data and analyze, functional assessments, and implement intervention to increase or decrease behavior, and after observe if the intervention was effective Behavior modification is different because there is no analysis or investigation 7 dimensions of ABA - correct answers Generality Effective Technological Applied Conceptually Systematic Analytical Behavioral Get a cab (acronym) Applied (dimension) - correct answers Important - to whom? In what context? Is this trying to hit a moving target? Behavior has to be important to something or someone. Can be important to society or just one person. Behavioral (dimension) - correct answers Usually studies what subjects can be brought to do rather than what they can be brought to say" - we look at action unless speaking is the target behavior, but we do not rely on what people say about their actions we observe their actions. We explicitly take data on overt behaviors, we do not rely on what people tell us Analytic (dimension) - correct answers An experimenter has achieved an analysis of a behavior when he can exercise control over it" We need to demonstrate a functional relationship - if we do not see increases or decreases surrounding independent variable and treatment then we have no shown control or a functional relationship. "replication is the essence of believability" Technological (dimension) - correct answers "ask whether a typically trained reader could replicate that procedure well enough to produce the same results, given only a reading of the description." Essential for Scientific evaluation, Social evaluation, and replication Conceptional Systematic (dimension) - correct answers Shows the reader how similar procedures may be derived from basic principles" We should not have like a bag of tricks, we want to show that everything we are doing to derived from basic principles. Connects practice to theory, application to concepts