8e
chapter: one
1. a student is observing a cell under the microscope. it is observed to have
supercoiled dna with histones. which of the following would also be observed
by the student?
a single circular chromosome
a nucleus
free-floating nuclear material
no organelles
answers: b
the cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled dna
within its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. a single circular
chromosome called a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has
no organelles.
ref: p. 2
2. a nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. which cellular function is
the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to
transform nutrients to energy?
metabolic absorption communication secretion respiration
answers: d
the cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its
communication ability involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state,
metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allows for the
synthesizing of new substances.
ref: p. 2
3. a eukaryotic cell is undergoing dna replication. in which region of the cell
, would most ofthe genetic information be contained?
mitochondria
ribosome
nucleolus
nucleus cytoplasm
answers: c
the region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of
ribonucleic acid, most of the dna, and dna-binding proteins, is the nucleolus,
which is located withinthe cell’s nucleus. mitochondria is associated with cellular
respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. cytoplasm
is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
ref: p. 2
4. which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer
by dissolving thelayer itself?
peripheral membrane proteins
integral membrane proteins
glycoproteins
cell adhesion molecules
answers: b
proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of
integral membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. peripheral membrane
proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of
the membrane. glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
ref: p. 7
5. which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
oxygen
ribosomes
amphipathic lipids ligands
answers: d
ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the
cell membrane.
, ref: p. 9
6. a nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. what
alternation in theextracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of
metastatic cancer?
decreased fibronectin
increased collagen
decreased elastin
increased glycoproteins
answers: a
only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous
cells, allowing them to travel or metastasize.
ref: p. 10
7. which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct
physical contact?
cell junction
gap
junctiondesmos
ome tight
junction
answers: a
cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. neither
desmosomes nor tight junctions are associated with cellular communication.
ref: p. 11
8. pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon
from neighboring alpha cells. this action is an example of which of the
following signaling types?
paracrine
autocrine
neurohormonal
, hormonal
answers: a
paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly
taken up,destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of
the secretion of glucagon. none of the other options involve signaling that is
associated with a local chemical mediator like insulin.
ref: p. 12
9. in cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
solute.
substrate.
receptor.
ribosome.
answers: b
each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to
a product ofthe reaction. cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction
between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.an athlete runs a
marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. the
athlete asks the nurse why this happened. the nurse’s response is based on the
knowledge thatthe problem is result of a deficiency of:
gtp
amp
atp
gmp
answers: c
when atp is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. none of the
other options are involved in muscle contraction.
ref: p. 16
which phase of catabolism produces the most atp?
digestion
glycolysis
chapter: one
1. a student is observing a cell under the microscope. it is observed to have
supercoiled dna with histones. which of the following would also be observed
by the student?
a single circular chromosome
a nucleus
free-floating nuclear material
no organelles
answers: b
the cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled dna
within its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. a single circular
chromosome called a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has
no organelles.
ref: p. 2
2. a nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. which cellular function is
the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to
transform nutrients to energy?
metabolic absorption communication secretion respiration
answers: d
the cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its
communication ability involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state,
metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allows for the
synthesizing of new substances.
ref: p. 2
3. a eukaryotic cell is undergoing dna replication. in which region of the cell
, would most ofthe genetic information be contained?
mitochondria
ribosome
nucleolus
nucleus cytoplasm
answers: c
the region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of
ribonucleic acid, most of the dna, and dna-binding proteins, is the nucleolus,
which is located withinthe cell’s nucleus. mitochondria is associated with cellular
respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. cytoplasm
is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
ref: p. 2
4. which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer
by dissolving thelayer itself?
peripheral membrane proteins
integral membrane proteins
glycoproteins
cell adhesion molecules
answers: b
proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of
integral membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. peripheral membrane
proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of
the membrane. glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
ref: p. 7
5. which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
oxygen
ribosomes
amphipathic lipids ligands
answers: d
ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the
cell membrane.
, ref: p. 9
6. a nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. what
alternation in theextracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of
metastatic cancer?
decreased fibronectin
increased collagen
decreased elastin
increased glycoproteins
answers: a
only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous
cells, allowing them to travel or metastasize.
ref: p. 10
7. which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct
physical contact?
cell junction
gap
junctiondesmos
ome tight
junction
answers: a
cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. neither
desmosomes nor tight junctions are associated with cellular communication.
ref: p. 11
8. pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon
from neighboring alpha cells. this action is an example of which of the
following signaling types?
paracrine
autocrine
neurohormonal
, hormonal
answers: a
paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly
taken up,destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of
the secretion of glucagon. none of the other options involve signaling that is
associated with a local chemical mediator like insulin.
ref: p. 12
9. in cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
solute.
substrate.
receptor.
ribosome.
answers: b
each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to
a product ofthe reaction. cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction
between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.an athlete runs a
marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. the
athlete asks the nurse why this happened. the nurse’s response is based on the
knowledge thatthe problem is result of a deficiency of:
gtp
amp
atp
gmp
answers: c
when atp is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. none of the
other options are involved in muscle contraction.
ref: p. 16
which phase of catabolism produces the most atp?
digestion
glycolysis
