In Born to Run how did Chris MacDougall describe "Tarahumaraland" as a utopia?
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They have the best endurance and eat whatever they want
According to the conceptual framework for physical activity proposed by Pettee
Gabriel and colleagues, what are the domains of physical activity, and where do
exercise and sport fit within the framework?
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Domains of physical activity (or types of activity) = Leisure, occupation,
household, domestic, and self-care, and transport
,Is it just because we are biologically programmed to do it? What is the difference
between human play and animal play?
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Animals cannot engage in organized governed activities in the same way
that humans can. The human decides to play. The animal doesn't know that it
is playing.
How does the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) work? What are the key constructs or
concepts, and what are some limitations?
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Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)
Also known as Social Learning Theory
Adds the following to Operant Learning Theory
o Behavioral capabilities: Skill, ability to perform a behavior
o Self-efficacy: Expectation that one can perform a
behavior successfully, confidence; improved via the
following
- Mastery experience - Performance mastery is the
strongest influence on self-efficacy beliefs
- Social modeling - Showing that people like you can do it
- Improving physical and emotional states - Should be well
rested when trying a new behavior (e.g., sleeping before a
test)
- Verbal persuasion - Telling a person they can do it,
increases odds of a first attempt at a behavior
o Outcome expectancies: Expectation that a behavior will
lead to desired outcomes
o Modeling: Observing others perform the behavior
Limitations
o SCT has been called too broad, lacking a single unifying
principle
o Not a clear way to measure SCT constructs - reliability is a
, problem
o Multicomponent SCT interventions (targeting self-
efficacy, self-monitoring, expectancies) are usually
compared to no-treatment control groups or single
component interventions
o Most studies do not include all of the SCT constructs -
unclear if all of the SCT constructs are important predictors
of health behavior change
What adverse health outcomes (physical and mental/emotional) does regular physical
activity help reduce?
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Children and adolescents
*Strong evidence
- Improved cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness
- Improved bone health
- Improved cardiovascular and metabolic health biomarkers
- Favorable body composition
*Moderate evidence
- Reduced symptoms of depression
Adults and older adults
*Strong evidence
- Lower risk of early death
- Lower risk of coronary heart disease
- Lower risk of stroke
- Lower risk of high blood pressure
- Lower risk of adverse blood lipid profile
- Lower risk of type 2 diabetes
- Lower risk of metabolic syndrome
- Lower risk of colon cancer
- Lower risk of breast cancer
- Prevention of weight gain
- Weight loss, particularly when combined with reduced calorie intake
- Improved cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness
- Prevention of falls
- Reduced depression
- Better cognitive function (for older adults)
Give this one a try later!
They have the best endurance and eat whatever they want
According to the conceptual framework for physical activity proposed by Pettee
Gabriel and colleagues, what are the domains of physical activity, and where do
exercise and sport fit within the framework?
Give this one a try later!
Domains of physical activity (or types of activity) = Leisure, occupation,
household, domestic, and self-care, and transport
,Is it just because we are biologically programmed to do it? What is the difference
between human play and animal play?
Give this one a try later!
Animals cannot engage in organized governed activities in the same way
that humans can. The human decides to play. The animal doesn't know that it
is playing.
How does the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) work? What are the key constructs or
concepts, and what are some limitations?
Give this one a try later!
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)
Also known as Social Learning Theory
Adds the following to Operant Learning Theory
o Behavioral capabilities: Skill, ability to perform a behavior
o Self-efficacy: Expectation that one can perform a
behavior successfully, confidence; improved via the
following
- Mastery experience - Performance mastery is the
strongest influence on self-efficacy beliefs
- Social modeling - Showing that people like you can do it
- Improving physical and emotional states - Should be well
rested when trying a new behavior (e.g., sleeping before a
test)
- Verbal persuasion - Telling a person they can do it,
increases odds of a first attempt at a behavior
o Outcome expectancies: Expectation that a behavior will
lead to desired outcomes
o Modeling: Observing others perform the behavior
Limitations
o SCT has been called too broad, lacking a single unifying
principle
o Not a clear way to measure SCT constructs - reliability is a
, problem
o Multicomponent SCT interventions (targeting self-
efficacy, self-monitoring, expectancies) are usually
compared to no-treatment control groups or single
component interventions
o Most studies do not include all of the SCT constructs -
unclear if all of the SCT constructs are important predictors
of health behavior change
What adverse health outcomes (physical and mental/emotional) does regular physical
activity help reduce?
Give this one a try later!
Children and adolescents
*Strong evidence
- Improved cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness
- Improved bone health
- Improved cardiovascular and metabolic health biomarkers
- Favorable body composition
*Moderate evidence
- Reduced symptoms of depression
Adults and older adults
*Strong evidence
- Lower risk of early death
- Lower risk of coronary heart disease
- Lower risk of stroke
- Lower risk of high blood pressure
- Lower risk of adverse blood lipid profile
- Lower risk of type 2 diabetes
- Lower risk of metabolic syndrome
- Lower risk of colon cancer
- Lower risk of breast cancer
- Prevention of weight gain
- Weight loss, particularly when combined with reduced calorie intake
- Improved cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness
- Prevention of falls
- Reduced depression
- Better cognitive function (for older adults)
