WGU D236 Patho Study Guide Final Exam final up to
date Questions and Answers |With 100% Verified
Solutions | Updated & Verified | 2026
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2
level and a blood pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition
does the patient have?
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Metabolic alkalosis
The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the same
direction). This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high
because her respiratory system is attempting to compensate for the
high pH by exhaling less and retaining more CO2
,Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _______, which regulates
actions such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS. - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
osmoreceptors
Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Oncotic
Oncotic - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-a form of osmotic pressure exerted by
proteins
In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is,
therefore, a primary determinant of oncotic pressure - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-albumin
_____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Albumin
One question was about the difference in children and adult immunity -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Possible answer: naive T cells
Learning check question: Which differences in immunity make children
and older adult patients more susceptible to infections? Choose 2
answers
,Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have more memory cells to combat infection
Younger patients have a large population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have a large population of naive T cells -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat
infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Rationale: younger patients have not been exposed to many pathogens,
which means that they have fewer memory cells than adults. The
primary immune response is relatively weak compared to a secondary
response mediated by memory cells.
Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared to younger
patients. When these patients encounter novel pathogens, the reduced
number of naive T cells gives clonal selection fewer opportunities to
"find" T cells that will be effective.
, Fluid deficit causes - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔--Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
Fluid deficit risk factors - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔--Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
Fluid deficit manifestations - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔--dry mucous
membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROME for ABGs - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Respiratory Opposite Metabolic
Equal
If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is pCO2 levels
that are causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature
If they are moving the same direction then it is metabolic in nature
date Questions and Answers |With 100% Verified
Solutions | Updated & Verified | 2026
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2
level and a blood pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition
does the patient have?
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Metabolic alkalosis
The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the same
direction). This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high
because her respiratory system is attempting to compensate for the
high pH by exhaling less and retaining more CO2
,Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _______, which regulates
actions such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS. - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
osmoreceptors
Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Oncotic
Oncotic - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-a form of osmotic pressure exerted by
proteins
In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is,
therefore, a primary determinant of oncotic pressure - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-albumin
_____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Albumin
One question was about the difference in children and adult immunity -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Possible answer: naive T cells
Learning check question: Which differences in immunity make children
and older adult patients more susceptible to infections? Choose 2
answers
,Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have more memory cells to combat infection
Younger patients have a large population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have a large population of naive T cells -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat
infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Rationale: younger patients have not been exposed to many pathogens,
which means that they have fewer memory cells than adults. The
primary immune response is relatively weak compared to a secondary
response mediated by memory cells.
Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared to younger
patients. When these patients encounter novel pathogens, the reduced
number of naive T cells gives clonal selection fewer opportunities to
"find" T cells that will be effective.
, Fluid deficit causes - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔--Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
Fluid deficit risk factors - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔--Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
Fluid deficit manifestations - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔--dry mucous
membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROME for ABGs - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Respiratory Opposite Metabolic
Equal
If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is pCO2 levels
that are causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature
If they are moving the same direction then it is metabolic in nature
