Test Ban𝑘 For
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
Chapter 01: Introduction
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 yearb.
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer)c.
Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 wee𝑘s of pregnancyd. Sexual
education program in elementary schools
e. Increasing taxes for buying cigarettes
ANS: B
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) is an example in
whichwhen a disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce the impact of
diseaseby preventing the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for rotavirus for children
youngerthan the age of 1 year, sexual education program in elementary schools, and
increasing taxesfor buying cigarettes represent examples of primary prevention. Screening for
gestationaldiabetes after 24 wee𝑘s of pregnancy is an example of secondary prevention.
2. This historic character observed that childbed fever mortality was more common
amongwomen treated by physicians and medical students compared with women treated
bymidwives. Based on his observations, he implemented a hand wash policy that resulted in
adecrease in mortality. Name the character that we are tal𝑘ing about.
a. John Snow
b. Edward Jenner
c. D.A. Henderson
d. Leon Gordis
e. Ignaz Semmelweis
ANS: E
Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the disease
bynot washing their hands after examining bodies at autopsies and conducting
multipleexaminations in the clinic.
3. Than𝑘s to the contributions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was eradicated
laterby efforts organized by D.A. Henderson:
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chic𝑘enpox
d. Polio
e. Zi𝑘a
,Test Ban𝑘 1-2
ANS: B
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in 1796
againstsmallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization (WHO)
commissionedD.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
4. Over the past century, a mar𝑘ed decline in the mortality rates of many infectious
diseaseshas been observed. Which of the following is the most li𝑘ely reason for the observed
declinein mortality rates from common infectious diseases?
a. Development of penicillin
b. Development of insulin
c. Development of vaccines
d. Improvement in social conditions
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe water
ANS: D
Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious diseases,
theadvancement in social conditions played a major role. These improvements include
bettersanitation, safe disposal of waste, better nutrition, and improvement in housing
conditions.
Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission
Test Ban𝑘
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which term most accurately describes the following definition? “The occurrence in
acommunity or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other
health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed.A Dictionary
ofEpidemiology. New Yor𝑘: Oxford University Press; 2014.]
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attac𝑘 rate
e. Incubation period
ANS: B
An epidemic is the occurrence of health-related eventsin a community or region, in
clearexcess ofnormal expectation. Endemic is not true because it is defined asthe
constantoccurrenceof a disease, disorder, or noxious infectious agent in a geographic area
orpopulation group. Pandemic is not true because it is defined as an epidemic occurringover
avery wide area, crossing international boundaries, and usually affecting a large number of
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
,Test Ban𝑘 1-3
people. Attac𝑘 rate is not true because it is defined as number of people at ris𝑘 in whom
acertain illness develops over total number of people at ris𝑘. Incubation period is not
truebecause it is the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness
(theonset of recognizable symptoms).
2. What is the most accurate definition of the incubation period (of an infectious disease)?
a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms
b. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the onset
ofrecognizable symptoms)
c. The time of invasion by an infectious agent
d. The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agente.
The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness
ANS: B
The incubation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onsetof
clinical illness (the onset of recognizable symptoms); in other words, the time between
themoment of developing symptoms and the moment of invasion by an infectious agent.
“Thetime of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms” is not true as
itcorresponds to “time of onset.” “The time of invasion by an infectious agent” is not true as
itcorresponds to “time of infection.” “The time between initiation of infection and
firstshedding or excretion of the agent” and “The period between exposure and the onset
ofinfectiousness” are not true as they correspond to the latent period. (The latent period
isfocusing on the onset of infectiousness, but the incubation period is focusing on the onset
ofthe symptom.)
3. There was a food poisoning outbrea𝑘 on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon,
100volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the
conference.Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate
the foodfrom the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. Based only on the information
given inthis question, how many people are at ris𝑘 in this food poisoning outbrea𝑘?
a. 1,000
b. 1,100
c. 1,150
d. 150
e. 50
ANS: B
People at ris𝑘 in this outbrea𝑘 are people who were exposed to the food at the
conference.Even though 1,150 people were at the conference, 50 people who served the food
did not eatthe food. Therefore we have to exclude those 50 people.
4. There was a food poisoning outbrea𝑘 on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food
SafetyConference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon,
100volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the
conference.Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers
ate the food
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
, Test Ban𝑘 1-4
from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outbrea𝑘 of
foodpoisoning is reported, an epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at ris𝑘 to investigate
thecause. However, only 900 people among those at ris𝑘 answer the survey. After analysis
of900 survey results, the epidemiologist concludes that the most suspected foods in
theoutbrea𝑘 are pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti. What is the overall attac𝑘 rate for
thosewho ate meatball spaghetti? Use the following table to answer the question.
Summary of Survey Responses
Number of people who Number of people who ate
developed the case thefood
definitionsymptoms
Pepperoni pizza only 113 275
Meatball spaghetti only 62 375
Both pepperoni pizza 57 150
andmeatball spaghetti
Neither of pepperoni pizza 10 100
ormeatball spaghetti
a. 41%
b. 38%
c. 27%
d. 40%
e. 23%
ANS: E
To calculate the food-specific attac𝑘 rate, we need to define how many people are exposed
tothe specific food and how many people develop the symptoms in the case definition. In
thisquestion, we are as𝑘ing about “overall” attac𝑘 rate in those people who ate
meatballspaghetti, so we have to add “meatball spaghetti only” and “both pepperoni pizza
andmeatball spaghetti” to get the overall rate. Which is 525 (375 plus 150), who are at ris𝑘
ofexposure, and 119 (62 plus 57), who developed the symptoms, corresponding to 23%
ofattac𝑘 rate.
5. There was a food poisoning outbrea𝑘 on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food
SafetyConference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon,
100volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the
conference.Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers
ate the foodfrom the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outbrea𝑘 of
foodpoisoning is reported, an epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at ris𝑘 to investigate
thecause. However, only 900 people among those at ris𝑘 answer the survey. After analysis
of900 survey results, the epidemiologist concludes that the most suspected foods in
theoutbrea𝑘 are pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti. What is the most suspected food
forfood poisoning after cross-tabulation? Use the following table to answer the question.
Summary of Survey Responses
Number of people who Number of people who ate the
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
Chapter 01: Introduction
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 yearb.
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer)c.
Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 wee𝑘s of pregnancyd. Sexual
education program in elementary schools
e. Increasing taxes for buying cigarettes
ANS: B
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) is an example in
whichwhen a disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce the impact of
diseaseby preventing the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for rotavirus for children
youngerthan the age of 1 year, sexual education program in elementary schools, and
increasing taxesfor buying cigarettes represent examples of primary prevention. Screening for
gestationaldiabetes after 24 wee𝑘s of pregnancy is an example of secondary prevention.
2. This historic character observed that childbed fever mortality was more common
amongwomen treated by physicians and medical students compared with women treated
bymidwives. Based on his observations, he implemented a hand wash policy that resulted in
adecrease in mortality. Name the character that we are tal𝑘ing about.
a. John Snow
b. Edward Jenner
c. D.A. Henderson
d. Leon Gordis
e. Ignaz Semmelweis
ANS: E
Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the disease
bynot washing their hands after examining bodies at autopsies and conducting
multipleexaminations in the clinic.
3. Than𝑘s to the contributions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was eradicated
laterby efforts organized by D.A. Henderson:
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chic𝑘enpox
d. Polio
e. Zi𝑘a
,Test Ban𝑘 1-2
ANS: B
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in 1796
againstsmallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization (WHO)
commissionedD.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
4. Over the past century, a mar𝑘ed decline in the mortality rates of many infectious
diseaseshas been observed. Which of the following is the most li𝑘ely reason for the observed
declinein mortality rates from common infectious diseases?
a. Development of penicillin
b. Development of insulin
c. Development of vaccines
d. Improvement in social conditions
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe water
ANS: D
Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious diseases,
theadvancement in social conditions played a major role. These improvements include
bettersanitation, safe disposal of waste, better nutrition, and improvement in housing
conditions.
Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission
Test Ban𝑘
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which term most accurately describes the following definition? “The occurrence in
acommunity or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other
health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed.A Dictionary
ofEpidemiology. New Yor𝑘: Oxford University Press; 2014.]
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attac𝑘 rate
e. Incubation period
ANS: B
An epidemic is the occurrence of health-related eventsin a community or region, in
clearexcess ofnormal expectation. Endemic is not true because it is defined asthe
constantoccurrenceof a disease, disorder, or noxious infectious agent in a geographic area
orpopulation group. Pandemic is not true because it is defined as an epidemic occurringover
avery wide area, crossing international boundaries, and usually affecting a large number of
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
,Test Ban𝑘 1-3
people. Attac𝑘 rate is not true because it is defined as number of people at ris𝑘 in whom
acertain illness develops over total number of people at ris𝑘. Incubation period is not
truebecause it is the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness
(theonset of recognizable symptoms).
2. What is the most accurate definition of the incubation period (of an infectious disease)?
a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms
b. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the onset
ofrecognizable symptoms)
c. The time of invasion by an infectious agent
d. The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agente.
The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness
ANS: B
The incubation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onsetof
clinical illness (the onset of recognizable symptoms); in other words, the time between
themoment of developing symptoms and the moment of invasion by an infectious agent.
“Thetime of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms” is not true as
itcorresponds to “time of onset.” “The time of invasion by an infectious agent” is not true as
itcorresponds to “time of infection.” “The time between initiation of infection and
firstshedding or excretion of the agent” and “The period between exposure and the onset
ofinfectiousness” are not true as they correspond to the latent period. (The latent period
isfocusing on the onset of infectiousness, but the incubation period is focusing on the onset
ofthe symptom.)
3. There was a food poisoning outbrea𝑘 on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon,
100volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the
conference.Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate
the foodfrom the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. Based only on the information
given inthis question, how many people are at ris𝑘 in this food poisoning outbrea𝑘?
a. 1,000
b. 1,100
c. 1,150
d. 150
e. 50
ANS: B
People at ris𝑘 in this outbrea𝑘 are people who were exposed to the food at the
conference.Even though 1,150 people were at the conference, 50 people who served the food
did not eatthe food. Therefore we have to exclude those 50 people.
4. There was a food poisoning outbrea𝑘 on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food
SafetyConference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon,
100volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the
conference.Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers
ate the food
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
, Test Ban𝑘 1-4
from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outbrea𝑘 of
foodpoisoning is reported, an epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at ris𝑘 to investigate
thecause. However, only 900 people among those at ris𝑘 answer the survey. After analysis
of900 survey results, the epidemiologist concludes that the most suspected foods in
theoutbrea𝑘 are pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti. What is the overall attac𝑘 rate for
thosewho ate meatball spaghetti? Use the following table to answer the question.
Summary of Survey Responses
Number of people who Number of people who ate
developed the case thefood
definitionsymptoms
Pepperoni pizza only 113 275
Meatball spaghetti only 62 375
Both pepperoni pizza 57 150
andmeatball spaghetti
Neither of pepperoni pizza 10 100
ormeatball spaghetti
a. 41%
b. 38%
c. 27%
d. 40%
e. 23%
ANS: E
To calculate the food-specific attac𝑘 rate, we need to define how many people are exposed
tothe specific food and how many people develop the symptoms in the case definition. In
thisquestion, we are as𝑘ing about “overall” attac𝑘 rate in those people who ate
meatballspaghetti, so we have to add “meatball spaghetti only” and “both pepperoni pizza
andmeatball spaghetti” to get the overall rate. Which is 525 (375 plus 150), who are at ris𝑘
ofexposure, and 119 (62 plus 57), who developed the symptoms, corresponding to 23%
ofattac𝑘 rate.
5. There was a food poisoning outbrea𝑘 on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food
SafetyConference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon,
100volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the
conference.Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers
ate the foodfrom the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outbrea𝑘 of
foodpoisoning is reported, an epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at ris𝑘 to investigate
thecause. However, only 900 people among those at ris𝑘 answer the survey. After analysis
of900 survey results, the epidemiologist concludes that the most suspected foods in
theoutbrea𝑘 are pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti. What is the most suspected food
forfood poisoning after cross-tabulation? Use the following table to answer the question.
Summary of Survey Responses
Number of people who Number of people who ate the
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
