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Hyponatremia Nursing Study Guide & NCLEX Practice Questions | Nursing Education | 2026 Complete Review Bundle

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This document covers hyponatremia, including causes, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, assessment findings, nursing priorities, treatment options, and NCLEX-focused clinical considerations. It contains memory aids, study notes, practice questions with rationales, and review pearls focused on neurological complications, seizure precautions, sodium monitoring, and patient safety. The material emphasizes recognizing low sodium levels, preventing complications from cerebral edema, and understanding appropriate interventions for mild and severe hyponatremia.

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© 2026 Mnemonic Rose RN | Original Nursing Study Guides & Mnemonics

, Hyponatremia Study Notes



What is Hyponatremia?
Hyponatremia occurs when the sodium level in the blood falls below normal. Sodium helps
regulate fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions. When sodium levels drop, water
moves into the body's cells, causing them to swell. Brain cells are especially sensitive to this
swelling.



Normal Sodium Level
135–145 mEq/L

Hyponatremia: Less than 135 mEq/L



Common Causes
• Excessive sweating

• Severe vomiting or diarrhea

• Taking certain diuretics

• Heart failure

• Kidney disease

• Liver disease

• Drinking large amounts of water in a short time

• Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)



Signs & Symptoms

Think: "Everything slows down."

Neurological Changes

• Headache

• Confusion

• Difficulty concentrating

• Fatigue

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