GROUP DYNAMICS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Studies of groups making decisions indicate that they spend too little time in the ___ stage of
decision-making. - Answers orientation
Groupthink is - Answers the deterioration of mental and group efficiency
Which is NOT a cause of groupthink? - Answers apathy
Group polarization is the - Answers tendency for the group's decisions to be more extreme than
individuals' decisions.
Joe, Meagan, Allison, and Timothy are ordering a pizza. Someone—no one remembers who—says
"let's have anchovies on it." Joe thinks "gross" but says "okay." Meagan isn't paying any attention.
Allison thinks "I hate anchovies, but I can just pick them off." And Timothy thinks "If that is what Joe
wants, then okay." The group gets a pizza no one likes or wants to eat. This outcome illustrates -
Answers the Abilene paradox.
Working in groups - Answers people prefer to work in the company of others
The Task Circumplex Model - Answers Joseph McGraths**
Brings order to the many goal-related activities that groups undertake
Generating - Answers Groups concoct the strategies they will use to accomplish their goals or create
altogether new ideas and approaches to their Problems.
Choosing - Answers Groups make decisions about issues that have correct solutions or questions that
can be answered in many ways.
Negotiating - Answers Groups resolve differences of opinion among members regarding their goals or
decisions or settle competitive disputes among members.
Executing - Answers groups do things, including taking part in competitions or creating some product
or carrying out collective actions.
Groups dealing with conceptual task - Answers exhibit high levels of information exchange, social
influence, and process oriented activities.
Groups dealing with behavioral task - Answers are those that produce things or perform services.
Variety of Task - Answers EX: Hudson River Landing on the Water
Basic Task - Answers EX: New York City Emergency, responding to emergenices
Collective Intelligence - Answers Groups generalized proficiency, or C-Factor
Groups with more Women performed better than those with none. Also those who performed the
task more equally.
When to work in groups
PG 322 - Answers Not ALL task require the skills of a group, but as task become more challenging and
complex the more likely a group will succeed over an individual working by there self.
Level of Difficulty
Complexity
Importance
Process Model of Productivity - Answers Process Loss= to predict when groups will perform well or
poorly. A reduction of performance effectiveness..
Steiners Law of Group Productivity - Answers AP=PP-PL
predicts that actual productivity is determined by a groups potential productivity less all the process
losses the group expectations.
Social Facilitation - Answers an improvement in task performance that occurs when people work in
the presence of other people
Norman Tripletts experiment - Answers series of bicycle riders, riders had there best times when
competing against each other
Drive Processes - Answers Compresence to describe the state of responding to others
Drive Theory - Answers predicts that social facilitation will occur even when all forms of social
interaction, communication, between the individual and the observer are blocked.
Coaction - Answers people working in the presence of other people, but not necessary interacting
with them.
Zajoncs Resolution - Answers dominant responses= are located at the top of the organisms response
hierarchy, so they dominate all other responses.
James Blascovich Physiological Processes
, Found that an audience triggers increase cardiac and vascular reactivity. - Answers Challenge
Response= when the task is easy
Threat Response= when the task is difficult
Presence of certain family and friends can increase a calming factor
Motivational Processes - Answers Evaluation Processes Theory: Assumes that individuals have
learned through experience that other people are the source of mot rewards and punishments they
receive,
so they learn to associate social situations with evaluation.
Self Presentation Theory - Answers motivational impact of impression management processes,
analysis of performance gains in groups assuming that social facilitations is caused by individuals
striving to make a good impression when they work in the presence of others.
Distraction-conflict Theory - Answers suggest distraction interferes with the attention given to the
task, but that these distractions can be overcome with effort.
If people are around others who are not distracted then they will not be influenced by social
facilitation.
Cognitive Processes - Answers mere-effort model= gains and looses in performance individuals
exhibit when they work on simple and complex task are due, in part to changes in the way they
process information.
Test the RAT= Remote Associates Test
PG: 330
Social Orientation Theory - Answers people differ in their overall orientation toward social situations,
and these individuals differences in social orientation predict who will show facilitation in the
presence of others and who will show impairment.
Positive Orientation= self confident, react to positively to the challenges the group throws their way
Negative Orientation= approach social situations apprehensively.
Prejudice - Answers are deeply ingrained negative attitudes about the members of other groups.
Ringlemann Affect
PG 335 - Answers tendency for people to become less productive when you work with a group. The
bigger the group size gets the less you do.
Coordination looses= lack of simultaneity of their efforts
Motivation Looses= did not work as hard, as when they were alone.
Social Loafing - Answers reduction of individual effort exerted when people work in groups compared
to when they work alone.
Free Riding - Answers contributing less to a collective task when one believes that other group
members will compensate for this lack of effort.
Sucker effect - Answers group members contribute less, whey they expect others will think negatively
of those who work to hard or contribute too much
Set Goals - Answers groups that set clear and challenging goals will perform better
Social Compensation - Answers group members to expend greater effort on important collective task
to offset the anticipated insufficiencies in the efforts and abilities of their co-workers
Social Identity Theory
PG:338 - Answers way to reduce loafing: increase the extent to which group members identify with
their group or organization
Collective Effort Model - Answers provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding
the causes and cures of social loafing.
Task Demands - Answers effect that a problem or task features, including invisibility and difficulty,
have on the procedures the group can use to complete the task
Divisible Task
PG: 340 - Answers task can be broken down into subcomponents that can then be assigned to
individuals or to subgroups within the group.
Unitary Task - Answers cannot be divided , only one person is needed
Studies of groups making decisions indicate that they spend too little time in the ___ stage of
decision-making. - Answers orientation
Groupthink is - Answers the deterioration of mental and group efficiency
Which is NOT a cause of groupthink? - Answers apathy
Group polarization is the - Answers tendency for the group's decisions to be more extreme than
individuals' decisions.
Joe, Meagan, Allison, and Timothy are ordering a pizza. Someone—no one remembers who—says
"let's have anchovies on it." Joe thinks "gross" but says "okay." Meagan isn't paying any attention.
Allison thinks "I hate anchovies, but I can just pick them off." And Timothy thinks "If that is what Joe
wants, then okay." The group gets a pizza no one likes or wants to eat. This outcome illustrates -
Answers the Abilene paradox.
Working in groups - Answers people prefer to work in the company of others
The Task Circumplex Model - Answers Joseph McGraths**
Brings order to the many goal-related activities that groups undertake
Generating - Answers Groups concoct the strategies they will use to accomplish their goals or create
altogether new ideas and approaches to their Problems.
Choosing - Answers Groups make decisions about issues that have correct solutions or questions that
can be answered in many ways.
Negotiating - Answers Groups resolve differences of opinion among members regarding their goals or
decisions or settle competitive disputes among members.
Executing - Answers groups do things, including taking part in competitions or creating some product
or carrying out collective actions.
Groups dealing with conceptual task - Answers exhibit high levels of information exchange, social
influence, and process oriented activities.
Groups dealing with behavioral task - Answers are those that produce things or perform services.
Variety of Task - Answers EX: Hudson River Landing on the Water
Basic Task - Answers EX: New York City Emergency, responding to emergenices
Collective Intelligence - Answers Groups generalized proficiency, or C-Factor
Groups with more Women performed better than those with none. Also those who performed the
task more equally.
When to work in groups
PG 322 - Answers Not ALL task require the skills of a group, but as task become more challenging and
complex the more likely a group will succeed over an individual working by there self.
Level of Difficulty
Complexity
Importance
Process Model of Productivity - Answers Process Loss= to predict when groups will perform well or
poorly. A reduction of performance effectiveness..
Steiners Law of Group Productivity - Answers AP=PP-PL
predicts that actual productivity is determined by a groups potential productivity less all the process
losses the group expectations.
Social Facilitation - Answers an improvement in task performance that occurs when people work in
the presence of other people
Norman Tripletts experiment - Answers series of bicycle riders, riders had there best times when
competing against each other
Drive Processes - Answers Compresence to describe the state of responding to others
Drive Theory - Answers predicts that social facilitation will occur even when all forms of social
interaction, communication, between the individual and the observer are blocked.
Coaction - Answers people working in the presence of other people, but not necessary interacting
with them.
Zajoncs Resolution - Answers dominant responses= are located at the top of the organisms response
hierarchy, so they dominate all other responses.
James Blascovich Physiological Processes
, Found that an audience triggers increase cardiac and vascular reactivity. - Answers Challenge
Response= when the task is easy
Threat Response= when the task is difficult
Presence of certain family and friends can increase a calming factor
Motivational Processes - Answers Evaluation Processes Theory: Assumes that individuals have
learned through experience that other people are the source of mot rewards and punishments they
receive,
so they learn to associate social situations with evaluation.
Self Presentation Theory - Answers motivational impact of impression management processes,
analysis of performance gains in groups assuming that social facilitations is caused by individuals
striving to make a good impression when they work in the presence of others.
Distraction-conflict Theory - Answers suggest distraction interferes with the attention given to the
task, but that these distractions can be overcome with effort.
If people are around others who are not distracted then they will not be influenced by social
facilitation.
Cognitive Processes - Answers mere-effort model= gains and looses in performance individuals
exhibit when they work on simple and complex task are due, in part to changes in the way they
process information.
Test the RAT= Remote Associates Test
PG: 330
Social Orientation Theory - Answers people differ in their overall orientation toward social situations,
and these individuals differences in social orientation predict who will show facilitation in the
presence of others and who will show impairment.
Positive Orientation= self confident, react to positively to the challenges the group throws their way
Negative Orientation= approach social situations apprehensively.
Prejudice - Answers are deeply ingrained negative attitudes about the members of other groups.
Ringlemann Affect
PG 335 - Answers tendency for people to become less productive when you work with a group. The
bigger the group size gets the less you do.
Coordination looses= lack of simultaneity of their efforts
Motivation Looses= did not work as hard, as when they were alone.
Social Loafing - Answers reduction of individual effort exerted when people work in groups compared
to when they work alone.
Free Riding - Answers contributing less to a collective task when one believes that other group
members will compensate for this lack of effort.
Sucker effect - Answers group members contribute less, whey they expect others will think negatively
of those who work to hard or contribute too much
Set Goals - Answers groups that set clear and challenging goals will perform better
Social Compensation - Answers group members to expend greater effort on important collective task
to offset the anticipated insufficiencies in the efforts and abilities of their co-workers
Social Identity Theory
PG:338 - Answers way to reduce loafing: increase the extent to which group members identify with
their group or organization
Collective Effort Model - Answers provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding
the causes and cures of social loafing.
Task Demands - Answers effect that a problem or task features, including invisibility and difficulty,
have on the procedures the group can use to complete the task
Divisible Task
PG: 340 - Answers task can be broken down into subcomponents that can then be assigned to
individuals or to subgroups within the group.
Unitary Task - Answers cannot be divided , only one person is needed
