NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 4 EXAM CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK
4 EXAM CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE
2026
Topics: Renal Disorders, AKI, CKD, Nephrotic Syndrome,
Nephritic Syndrome, Acid-Base Disorders, Electrolyte
Imbalances, Fluid Balance
Case Study 1 (Questions 1–5)
A 72-year-old patient is admitted after 4 days of vomiting and diarrhea. Vital signs: BP 88/52
mmHg, HR 118 bpm. Labs: BUN 48 mg/dL, Creatinine 1.6 mg/dL, urine sodium 10 mEq/L.
1. The most likely cause of the patient's AKI is:
A. Intrarenal
B. Postrenal
C. Prerenal
D. Chronic renal failure
Answer: C
Rationale: Hypovolemia decreases renal perfusion causing prerenal AKI.
2. Which finding supports prerenal AKI?
A. Urine sodium >40 mEq/L
B. Fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa) <1%
C. RBC casts
D. Proteinuria >3.5 g/day
Answer: B
, NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 4 EXAM CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
3. The primary compensatory mechanism involves activation of:
A. Parasympathetic system
B. RAAS
C. Thyroid axis
D. Insulin secretion
Answer: B
4. If untreated, prerenal AKI may progress to:
A. Acute tubular necrosis
B. Nephrotic syndrome
C. Polycystic kidney disease
D. Glomerulonephritis
Answer: A
5. Which intervention most directly addresses the cause?
A. Diuretics
B. Fluid replacement
C. Dialysis
D. Calcium supplementation
Answer: B
Case Study 2 (Questions 6–10)
A 65-year-old diabetic patient develops rising creatinine after IV contrast administration.
6. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Postrenal obstruction
B. Contrast-induced nephropathy
C. Nephrotic syndrome
D. Renal artery stenosis
Answer: B
NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK
4 EXAM CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE
2026
Topics: Renal Disorders, AKI, CKD, Nephrotic Syndrome,
Nephritic Syndrome, Acid-Base Disorders, Electrolyte
Imbalances, Fluid Balance
Case Study 1 (Questions 1–5)
A 72-year-old patient is admitted after 4 days of vomiting and diarrhea. Vital signs: BP 88/52
mmHg, HR 118 bpm. Labs: BUN 48 mg/dL, Creatinine 1.6 mg/dL, urine sodium 10 mEq/L.
1. The most likely cause of the patient's AKI is:
A. Intrarenal
B. Postrenal
C. Prerenal
D. Chronic renal failure
Answer: C
Rationale: Hypovolemia decreases renal perfusion causing prerenal AKI.
2. Which finding supports prerenal AKI?
A. Urine sodium >40 mEq/L
B. Fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa) <1%
C. RBC casts
D. Proteinuria >3.5 g/day
Answer: B
, NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 4 EXAM CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
3. The primary compensatory mechanism involves activation of:
A. Parasympathetic system
B. RAAS
C. Thyroid axis
D. Insulin secretion
Answer: B
4. If untreated, prerenal AKI may progress to:
A. Acute tubular necrosis
B. Nephrotic syndrome
C. Polycystic kidney disease
D. Glomerulonephritis
Answer: A
5. Which intervention most directly addresses the cause?
A. Diuretics
B. Fluid replacement
C. Dialysis
D. Calcium supplementation
Answer: B
Case Study 2 (Questions 6–10)
A 65-year-old diabetic patient develops rising creatinine after IV contrast administration.
6. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Postrenal obstruction
B. Contrast-induced nephropathy
C. Nephrotic syndrome
D. Renal artery stenosis
Answer: B
