STUDY GUIDE | COMPLETE PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, REVIEW NOTES & TEST PREP
2026
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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Rationales Included
,Advantages and limitations of structured interviews More standardized and formal. The same questions are given to each child
Advantage
-high validity and reliability
-comparisons across populations
-indicates the presence or absense of a problem, not level of functioning
Limitation
-unable to modify questions to needs of the interviewee
-interview must follow a strict format and administration
Advantages and limitations of unstructured interviews Based on the assumption that conversational style helps to put the student at
ease. Less structure more that will share
Advantage
- adapted to the needs of the interviewee
Limitation
- child responses can be hard to interpret
-can't be compared to norms
Semi-structured combine the best features of both. This allows of flexibility and follow-up
questions
whole-interval recording behavior only recored when occurs during the ENTIRE time interval (good for
continuous behaviors or behaviors that occur in short duration)
Frequency or event recording record the number of behaviors that occurred during a specific period
Duration recording length of time specific period lasts
Latency recording time between onset of stimulus or signal that imitates a specific behavior
Time sampling interval recording select a time period for the observation, divide period into a number of equal
intervals and record whether or not behavior occurs.
Effective when the beginning and end of behavior is difficult to determine or
when only a brief period of time is available for observations
Partial- interval recording scored if it occurs at any part of the time interval. Multiple episodes of behavior in
a single time interval are counted as one score or mark.
Effective when behaviors occur at a relatively low rate or for inconsistent duration
, Momentary time sampling Scored as present or absent only during the moment that a timed interval begins.
it is the lasted biased estimate of behavior as it actually occurs
Purpose of universal screening 1. Broad: determine if need for modifications for:
- core curriculum
-instruction
-general education environment
2. Narrow identify specific student that need more support
Benefits and limitations of universal screening Benefits
-Cost effective
-Time efficient
-Easy to administer
Limitations
misclassifying some students when using the screening tool
Least dangerous assumption better to have treat false positives than miss false negatives
CBM curriculum-based measure reliable but only work if align with local norms,
benchmarks, and standards
DIBELS (dynamic indicators of basic early literacy skills)
Fluency-based indicators measure such things as initial-sound fluency, letter-naming fluency, phoneme
segmentation, nonsense-word fluency, and oral-reading fluency
CogAT cognitive assessment test: cognitive measure, but it is group administered and
qualifies as a screener
stated educational agency screen formal group-administered tests that are given every year to measure growth in
reading, writing, and math
some used alternatives to state-created test i.e. Iowa test of basic skills
STEEP system to enhance educational performance conduct CBMs in reading, math, and
writing several times year to identify students in need of additional support
RIT if a student does not make progress in 30-60 days school must consider special
education 4-8 weeks