FST 1 – Final Exam (UC Davis Food Folklore and Health) Study Guide &
Practice Review
Nutrients: - correct answer ✔✔chemical substances in food that provide:
-energy
-materials to build and maintain body
macronutrients needed in:
micronutrients: - correct answer ✔✔-grams
-milligrams or microgram
6 classes of nutrients - correct answer ✔✔-carbohydrates
-lipids
-vitamins
-minerals
-proteins
-water
Major minerals - correct answer ✔✔-Calcium, phosphorus, potassium
>100 mg
Trace minerals - correct answer ✔✔-iron, iodine, zinc
-<100mg
Vitamins functions in the body: - correct answer ✔✔-regulate chemical reactions
-required in small amounts in diet
,13 Vitamins classified as - correct answer ✔✔- fat soluble: A D E K
-water soluble B & C
Vitamin A - correct answer ✔✔-found only in foods of animal origin (beef and chicken liver, fish,
fortified milk)
-plant foods contain provitamin A carotenoids
-carotenoids are natural pigments w/ colors from yellow/orange/red
-some carotenoids (beta and alpha carotene) can be converted to vitamin A by the body
^ these are called provitamin A carotenoids (vit A precursors)
-beta carotene has highest provitamin A activity
Vitamin C - correct answer ✔✔- sources: citrus, green peppers, kiwi, strawberries
-deficiencies cause: scurvy, (bleeding gums, loose teeth, weakness) argh matey!
8 B vitamins: - correct answer ✔✔- key roles in energy metabolism
-Folate: B vitamin. term folate refers to several chemical forms of the vitamin. Folic acid is
synthetic form added to foods and supplements
Foods and enrichment and fortification - correct answer ✔✔enrichment: nutrients lost are
replaced (ex. flour enriched with vitamins b1,b2 folic acid,iron)
-fortification: nutrients added to a food where they werent originally (ex. orange juice)
1 calorie = - correct answer ✔✔amount it takes to raise 1 g of water temp. 1 degree C
kilocalorie = - correct answer ✔✔amount it takes to raise temp of 1000 mg water by 1 degree
- 1 kcal = 4.2 kJ
, Carbohydrates energy yield - correct answer ✔✔4 kcal/g
Lipids - correct answer ✔✔9 kcal/g
Proteins - correct answer ✔✔4 kcal/g
Alcohol - correct answer ✔✔7 kcal/g
Water - correct answer ✔✔-essential nutrient
-solvent
-reaction medium
-transport nutrients to cells and remove waste
-temp. regulation
-polar (forms H bonds with other water)
Carbohydrates - correct answer ✔✔-most abundant organic compound on earth
-major source of energy for the body
-provide > 50% calories
-important functions in food: sweetening, thickening, gel formation
carbohydrates classified as - correct answer ✔✔-simple sugars (mono and di saccharides)
-oligosaccharides
-polysaccharides
Monosaccharides: - correct answer ✔✔- most simple carb
Practice Review
Nutrients: - correct answer ✔✔chemical substances in food that provide:
-energy
-materials to build and maintain body
macronutrients needed in:
micronutrients: - correct answer ✔✔-grams
-milligrams or microgram
6 classes of nutrients - correct answer ✔✔-carbohydrates
-lipids
-vitamins
-minerals
-proteins
-water
Major minerals - correct answer ✔✔-Calcium, phosphorus, potassium
>100 mg
Trace minerals - correct answer ✔✔-iron, iodine, zinc
-<100mg
Vitamins functions in the body: - correct answer ✔✔-regulate chemical reactions
-required in small amounts in diet
,13 Vitamins classified as - correct answer ✔✔- fat soluble: A D E K
-water soluble B & C
Vitamin A - correct answer ✔✔-found only in foods of animal origin (beef and chicken liver, fish,
fortified milk)
-plant foods contain provitamin A carotenoids
-carotenoids are natural pigments w/ colors from yellow/orange/red
-some carotenoids (beta and alpha carotene) can be converted to vitamin A by the body
^ these are called provitamin A carotenoids (vit A precursors)
-beta carotene has highest provitamin A activity
Vitamin C - correct answer ✔✔- sources: citrus, green peppers, kiwi, strawberries
-deficiencies cause: scurvy, (bleeding gums, loose teeth, weakness) argh matey!
8 B vitamins: - correct answer ✔✔- key roles in energy metabolism
-Folate: B vitamin. term folate refers to several chemical forms of the vitamin. Folic acid is
synthetic form added to foods and supplements
Foods and enrichment and fortification - correct answer ✔✔enrichment: nutrients lost are
replaced (ex. flour enriched with vitamins b1,b2 folic acid,iron)
-fortification: nutrients added to a food where they werent originally (ex. orange juice)
1 calorie = - correct answer ✔✔amount it takes to raise 1 g of water temp. 1 degree C
kilocalorie = - correct answer ✔✔amount it takes to raise temp of 1000 mg water by 1 degree
- 1 kcal = 4.2 kJ
, Carbohydrates energy yield - correct answer ✔✔4 kcal/g
Lipids - correct answer ✔✔9 kcal/g
Proteins - correct answer ✔✔4 kcal/g
Alcohol - correct answer ✔✔7 kcal/g
Water - correct answer ✔✔-essential nutrient
-solvent
-reaction medium
-transport nutrients to cells and remove waste
-temp. regulation
-polar (forms H bonds with other water)
Carbohydrates - correct answer ✔✔-most abundant organic compound on earth
-major source of energy for the body
-provide > 50% calories
-important functions in food: sweetening, thickening, gel formation
carbohydrates classified as - correct answer ✔✔-simple sugars (mono and di saccharides)
-oligosaccharides
-polysaccharides
Monosaccharides: - correct answer ✔✔- most simple carb
