FST: Food Folklore and Health – Midterm 1 Study Guide & Exam Review
How did man evolve beyond? (from animal to human) - ANS ✔✔-fire
-communication
-cooking
We are omnivores, but major rises in human brain size have been associated with two changes
in diet quality: - ANS ✔✔1)Two million years ago, australopithecines to Homo erectus:
*increased consumption of meat*
2)Harnessing fire, using it for cooking
-cooking: makes more foods edible year-round, releases nutrients and calories from vegetables
and meat
-Cooked Food tastes better sweeter, less bitter, or
less astringent, so taste could play a role in this
preference and safer
Evidence that cooking was responsible for evolution of homo erectus: - ANS ✔✔-reduction in
tooth size
-signs of increased energy availability in larger brains and bodies,
-indication of smaller guts
-ability to exploit new kinds of habitat
Literally, our brains use around - ANS ✔✔20 percent of our basal metabolic rate—our energy
budget when we are resting—even though they make up only about 2.5 percent of our body
weight
Because human brains are so large, this
proportion of energy expenditure is higher than it is
,in other animals: most other mammals use less,
around 8 percent to 10 percent
Developments in Obtaining Food: - ANS ✔✔Hunter - Gatherer (< 8,000 BC)
Agricultural (8,000 BC - ~1800 AD)
Industrial (~1800 AD - )
Creating a stable food supply:
Agrarian - ANS ✔✔-Agrarian (Agricultural)
--Domestication of animals & plants
--Beginning of civilization!
Creating a stable food supply:
Industrial: - ANS ✔✔-Food Science & Technology
-Nutrition
PHYSIOLOGICALLY —
Food Is : - ANS ✔✔Energy
■ Body mass
atoms,
essential molecules
■ Vitamins, minerals
& antioxidants
■ Metabolism
PHYSIOLOGICALLY —
,Food Can Be For: - ANS ✔✔-Nutrition
--body mass
--vitamins, energy
metabolism
-Satiety
--hunger
--thirst
Chemically, most foods are: - ANS ✔✔-Water
-Protein
-Carbohydrate
-Fat (or Oil)
Chemically, most foods are:
Minor components: - ANS ✔✔-vitamins, minerals, nutrients
-coloring agents or pigments
-taste, odor, flavor and aroma
-other materials in low amounts
Ancient beliefs in relationships between Food and Health:
Western world, humoral theory: - ANS ✔✔-human body was affected by heat / cold
or dryness / wetness
- 4 "humors", blood, yellow bile,
black bile and phlegm, (relate to air,
fire, earth and water, resp,) controlled a
person's temperament
, -Eastern world: Yin and Yang
In China: All Foods are Medicines - ANS ✔✔-In China, when people get sick, the first
thing they check is food. The first action
taken by more than 90% is a change in
their diet
-use food to keep body in balance, free of disease
Yin represents: - ANS ✔✔-dark, wet, cool and feminine
-some fruits, leaf vegetables, water plants such as sea weed
-cooling/moistening for body
Yang represents: - ANS ✔✔-foods classified as hot: red meat, root vegetables, spices (chili
pepper, ginger)
-warming and drying for body
Culturally, Food can be a: - ANS ✔✔-a cultural statement
-an ethnic or national statement (associate spaghetti with Italy)
-"National Dish" (Austria: Weiner Schnitzel; Canada: Poutine, Japan: Sushi, etc)
-A religious statement
-A status symbol (buy Newman's because you know it will go to charity)
-A part of celebrations (turkey on Thanksgiving in the US)
-A statement of social awareness or values ('Organic Free Range Whole Chicken')
Do they eat corned beef and cabbage in Ireland? - ANS ✔✔-No, beef was expensive in Ireland;
most of the meat was cured pork
How did man evolve beyond? (from animal to human) - ANS ✔✔-fire
-communication
-cooking
We are omnivores, but major rises in human brain size have been associated with two changes
in diet quality: - ANS ✔✔1)Two million years ago, australopithecines to Homo erectus:
*increased consumption of meat*
2)Harnessing fire, using it for cooking
-cooking: makes more foods edible year-round, releases nutrients and calories from vegetables
and meat
-Cooked Food tastes better sweeter, less bitter, or
less astringent, so taste could play a role in this
preference and safer
Evidence that cooking was responsible for evolution of homo erectus: - ANS ✔✔-reduction in
tooth size
-signs of increased energy availability in larger brains and bodies,
-indication of smaller guts
-ability to exploit new kinds of habitat
Literally, our brains use around - ANS ✔✔20 percent of our basal metabolic rate—our energy
budget when we are resting—even though they make up only about 2.5 percent of our body
weight
Because human brains are so large, this
proportion of energy expenditure is higher than it is
,in other animals: most other mammals use less,
around 8 percent to 10 percent
Developments in Obtaining Food: - ANS ✔✔Hunter - Gatherer (< 8,000 BC)
Agricultural (8,000 BC - ~1800 AD)
Industrial (~1800 AD - )
Creating a stable food supply:
Agrarian - ANS ✔✔-Agrarian (Agricultural)
--Domestication of animals & plants
--Beginning of civilization!
Creating a stable food supply:
Industrial: - ANS ✔✔-Food Science & Technology
-Nutrition
PHYSIOLOGICALLY —
Food Is : - ANS ✔✔Energy
■ Body mass
atoms,
essential molecules
■ Vitamins, minerals
& antioxidants
■ Metabolism
PHYSIOLOGICALLY —
,Food Can Be For: - ANS ✔✔-Nutrition
--body mass
--vitamins, energy
metabolism
-Satiety
--hunger
--thirst
Chemically, most foods are: - ANS ✔✔-Water
-Protein
-Carbohydrate
-Fat (or Oil)
Chemically, most foods are:
Minor components: - ANS ✔✔-vitamins, minerals, nutrients
-coloring agents or pigments
-taste, odor, flavor and aroma
-other materials in low amounts
Ancient beliefs in relationships between Food and Health:
Western world, humoral theory: - ANS ✔✔-human body was affected by heat / cold
or dryness / wetness
- 4 "humors", blood, yellow bile,
black bile and phlegm, (relate to air,
fire, earth and water, resp,) controlled a
person's temperament
, -Eastern world: Yin and Yang
In China: All Foods are Medicines - ANS ✔✔-In China, when people get sick, the first
thing they check is food. The first action
taken by more than 90% is a change in
their diet
-use food to keep body in balance, free of disease
Yin represents: - ANS ✔✔-dark, wet, cool and feminine
-some fruits, leaf vegetables, water plants such as sea weed
-cooling/moistening for body
Yang represents: - ANS ✔✔-foods classified as hot: red meat, root vegetables, spices (chili
pepper, ginger)
-warming and drying for body
Culturally, Food can be a: - ANS ✔✔-a cultural statement
-an ethnic or national statement (associate spaghetti with Italy)
-"National Dish" (Austria: Weiner Schnitzel; Canada: Poutine, Japan: Sushi, etc)
-A religious statement
-A status symbol (buy Newman's because you know it will go to charity)
-A part of celebrations (turkey on Thanksgiving in the US)
-A statement of social awareness or values ('Organic Free Range Whole Chicken')
Do they eat corned beef and cabbage in Ireland? - ANS ✔✔-No, beef was expensive in Ireland;
most of the meat was cured pork
