NURS N512 Midterm Study Guide Week 3 | Questions &
Answers | 2026 Update | American Sentinel University| PDF
CHAPTER 35 Questions
1. Which statement is true regarding the pulmonary system?
A. The left lobe is divided into three lobes.
B. Each lobe is divided into bronchi.
C. The mediastinum contains the lungs and heart.
D. The larynx connects the upper and lower
airways. Correct
The larynx connects the upper and lower airways.
The mediastinum contains the heart, great vessels,
and esophagus and is located between the two
lungs. The right lung has three lobes, and the left
lung has two. Each lobe is divided into segments
and lobules.
2. Which statement is true regarding the lower airways?
A. The trachea bifurcates at the larynx.
B. The trachea has no supportive structure.
C. The right and left main bronchi enter the lungs at
the hila. Correct
The right and left main bronchi enter the lungs at
the hila. The trachea bifurcates at the carina. The
trachea has U-shaped cartilaginous rings. The
goblet cells secrete mucus.
D. The goblet cells are air-filled cells.
3. What process describes the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) for
oxygen?
A. Ventilation
B. Respiration Correct
Respiration is the exchange of CO2 for oxygen.
Ventilation is the mechanical movement of gas or
air into and out of the lungs and is often misnamed
respiration. Circulation refers to the actual blood
flow and oxygen delivery. Alveolar ventilation refers
to the amount of air delivered to the alveoli.
C. Circulation
D. Alveolar ventilation
4. Which receptor monitors the pH, partial pressure of CO 2 (PaCO2), and
the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood?
A. Stretch receptors
B. Irritant receptors
, C. J-receptors
D. Central chemoreceptors Correct
Central chemoreceptors indirectly monitor arterial
blood by sensing changes in the pH of the cerebral
spinal fluid (CSF). Stretch receptors are located in
smooth muscle and are sensitive to increases in the
size or volume of the lungs. Irritant receptors are
found in the epithelium of conducting airways and
are sensitive to noxious aerosols, gases, and
particles. J-receptors are located near the capillaries
in the alveolar septa and are sensitive to increased
capillary pressure.
5. Which physiologic alteration is present in an individual with
emphysema?
A. Increased airway resistance
B. Increased compliance Correct
Emphysema is associated with increased lung
compliance and decreased elastic recoil. Airway
resistance refers to the opposition to airflow and is
determined by the length, radius, and cross-
sectional area of the airways. Surfactant affects the
surface tension and alveolar ventilation.
C. Decreased surfactant
D. Increased elastic recoil
6. Which steps are involved in the process of gas exchange? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Ventilation Correct
B. Pressurization
C. Diffusion Correct
D. Perfusion Correct
Ventilation, diffusion, and perfusion are the three steps
involved in gas exchange in the lungs.
7. Which structures are considered part of the upper airway? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Nasopharynx Correct
B. Larynx
C. Oropharynx Correct
D. Trachea
E. Bronchi
Answers | 2026 Update | American Sentinel University| PDF
CHAPTER 35 Questions
1. Which statement is true regarding the pulmonary system?
A. The left lobe is divided into three lobes.
B. Each lobe is divided into bronchi.
C. The mediastinum contains the lungs and heart.
D. The larynx connects the upper and lower
airways. Correct
The larynx connects the upper and lower airways.
The mediastinum contains the heart, great vessels,
and esophagus and is located between the two
lungs. The right lung has three lobes, and the left
lung has two. Each lobe is divided into segments
and lobules.
2. Which statement is true regarding the lower airways?
A. The trachea bifurcates at the larynx.
B. The trachea has no supportive structure.
C. The right and left main bronchi enter the lungs at
the hila. Correct
The right and left main bronchi enter the lungs at
the hila. The trachea bifurcates at the carina. The
trachea has U-shaped cartilaginous rings. The
goblet cells secrete mucus.
D. The goblet cells are air-filled cells.
3. What process describes the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) for
oxygen?
A. Ventilation
B. Respiration Correct
Respiration is the exchange of CO2 for oxygen.
Ventilation is the mechanical movement of gas or
air into and out of the lungs and is often misnamed
respiration. Circulation refers to the actual blood
flow and oxygen delivery. Alveolar ventilation refers
to the amount of air delivered to the alveoli.
C. Circulation
D. Alveolar ventilation
4. Which receptor monitors the pH, partial pressure of CO 2 (PaCO2), and
the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood?
A. Stretch receptors
B. Irritant receptors
, C. J-receptors
D. Central chemoreceptors Correct
Central chemoreceptors indirectly monitor arterial
blood by sensing changes in the pH of the cerebral
spinal fluid (CSF). Stretch receptors are located in
smooth muscle and are sensitive to increases in the
size or volume of the lungs. Irritant receptors are
found in the epithelium of conducting airways and
are sensitive to noxious aerosols, gases, and
particles. J-receptors are located near the capillaries
in the alveolar septa and are sensitive to increased
capillary pressure.
5. Which physiologic alteration is present in an individual with
emphysema?
A. Increased airway resistance
B. Increased compliance Correct
Emphysema is associated with increased lung
compliance and decreased elastic recoil. Airway
resistance refers to the opposition to airflow and is
determined by the length, radius, and cross-
sectional area of the airways. Surfactant affects the
surface tension and alveolar ventilation.
C. Decreased surfactant
D. Increased elastic recoil
6. Which steps are involved in the process of gas exchange? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Ventilation Correct
B. Pressurization
C. Diffusion Correct
D. Perfusion Correct
Ventilation, diffusion, and perfusion are the three steps
involved in gas exchange in the lungs.
7. Which structures are considered part of the upper airway? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Nasopharynx Correct
B. Larynx
C. Oropharynx Correct
D. Trachea
E. Bronchi
