NURS 6501 FINAL EXAM ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CONCEPT REVIEW GUIDE
2026 PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES AND
DISEASE PROGRESSION
◉ CBC.
Answer: Complete blood count; measures blood components.
◉ Hgb.
Answer: Hemoglobin; oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
◉ Hct.
Answer: Hematocrit; percentage of blood volume from red cells.
◉ MCV.
Answer: Mean corpuscular volume; average red blood cell size.
◉ Platelet count.
Answer: Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
◉ WBC count.
,Answer: White blood cell count; immune response indicator.
◉ Serum haptoglobin.
Answer: Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
◉ Serum iron concentration.
Answer: Amount of iron in serum, measured in micrograms.
◉ Total iron binding capacity.
Answer: Maximum iron that can bind to transferrin.
◉ Percent saturation.
Answer: Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
◉ Serum ferritin concentration.
Answer: Indicator of stored iron in the body.
◉ Reticulocyte concentration.
Answer: Percentage of immature red blood cells in blood.
◉ Anemia of chronic disease.
Answer: Anemia due to chronic inflammation or illness.
,◉ Acute blood loss anemia.
Answer: Anemia resulting from sudden blood loss.
◉ Iron deficiency anemia.
Answer: Anemia caused by insufficient iron for hemoglobin.
◉ Overwhelming bacterial infection.
Answer: Severe infection leading to systemic inflammatory
response.
◉ Aplastic anemia.
Answer: Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
◉ Sickle cells.
Answer: Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
◉ Left ventricular hypertrophy.
Answer: Thickening of heart's left ventricle due to pressure.
◉ Aortic stenosis.
Answer: Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.
, ◉ Aortic dissection.
Answer: Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing pain.
◉ Defibrillation.
Answer: Electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm.
◉ Tachycardia.
Answer: Heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.
◉ AV Dissociation.
Answer: Lack of coordination between atrial and ventricular
contractions.
◉ Wide Complex Tachycardia.
Answer: Tachycardia with QRS duration over 120 ms.
◉ Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy.
Answer: Heart muscle disease with unknown cause, leading to
dilation.
◉ Ejection Fraction.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CONCEPT REVIEW GUIDE
2026 PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES AND
DISEASE PROGRESSION
◉ CBC.
Answer: Complete blood count; measures blood components.
◉ Hgb.
Answer: Hemoglobin; oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
◉ Hct.
Answer: Hematocrit; percentage of blood volume from red cells.
◉ MCV.
Answer: Mean corpuscular volume; average red blood cell size.
◉ Platelet count.
Answer: Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
◉ WBC count.
,Answer: White blood cell count; immune response indicator.
◉ Serum haptoglobin.
Answer: Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
◉ Serum iron concentration.
Answer: Amount of iron in serum, measured in micrograms.
◉ Total iron binding capacity.
Answer: Maximum iron that can bind to transferrin.
◉ Percent saturation.
Answer: Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
◉ Serum ferritin concentration.
Answer: Indicator of stored iron in the body.
◉ Reticulocyte concentration.
Answer: Percentage of immature red blood cells in blood.
◉ Anemia of chronic disease.
Answer: Anemia due to chronic inflammation or illness.
,◉ Acute blood loss anemia.
Answer: Anemia resulting from sudden blood loss.
◉ Iron deficiency anemia.
Answer: Anemia caused by insufficient iron for hemoglobin.
◉ Overwhelming bacterial infection.
Answer: Severe infection leading to systemic inflammatory
response.
◉ Aplastic anemia.
Answer: Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
◉ Sickle cells.
Answer: Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
◉ Left ventricular hypertrophy.
Answer: Thickening of heart's left ventricle due to pressure.
◉ Aortic stenosis.
Answer: Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.
, ◉ Aortic dissection.
Answer: Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing pain.
◉ Defibrillation.
Answer: Electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm.
◉ Tachycardia.
Answer: Heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.
◉ AV Dissociation.
Answer: Lack of coordination between atrial and ventricular
contractions.
◉ Wide Complex Tachycardia.
Answer: Tachycardia with QRS duration over 120 ms.
◉ Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy.
Answer: Heart muscle disease with unknown cause, leading to
dilation.
◉ Ejection Fraction.
