CM GASTRO EXAM 1- HY
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📋 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 100 Qs
This document, "CM Gastro Exam 1-HY," covers specific topics in gastroenterology, including salivary
gland anatomy and function, sialadenitis, oral cavity masses, gastrointestinal bleeding, upper GI bleed
management, and esophageal motility disorders. It provides 100 questions with correct answers and
detailed explanations, along with diagrams and images, to facilitate understanding and review of these
concepts. Students can utilize this document for studying and reviewing gastroenterology topics,
allowing them to reinforce their knowledge and prepare for exams.
✓ Verified Answers ✓ Exam Ready ✓ Study Guide
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide
EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
what is wharton's duct and where does it exit
CORRECT ANSWER
duct of the submandibular gland
near lingual frenulum
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 1 of 31
, RATIONALE: Wharton's duct, also known as the duct of the submandibular gland, is named after Thomas Wharton, who
first described it, and it carries saliva from the submandibular gland to the floor of the mouth, where it empties near the
lingual frenulum, a fold of mucous membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth. This location allows
the saliva to flow easily into the oral cavity, facilitating digestion and oral health.
QUESTION 2
what is stenson's duct and where does it exit
CORRECT ANSWER
duct of the parotid gland
near the 2nd upper molar
RATIONALE: Stenson's duct is the major salivary gland duct responsible for draining the parotid gland, which is a major
salivary gland that primarily secretes serous saliva. It exits the parotid gland near the 2nd upper molar, allowing the
saliva to flow into the oral cavity and facilitate digestion, making this location a key anatomical landmark.
QUESTION 3
what is the most common viral cause of sialadenitis and what gland is affected
CORRECT ANSWER
mumps - paramyxovirus
parotid gland
RATIONALE: The paramyxovirus, specifically mumps virus, is a common viral cause of sialadenitis due to its predilection
for infecting the salivary glands, particularly the parotid gland, which is a type of exocrine gland responsible for
producing saliva. This specific association is why mumps virus is often linked to parotid gland involvement, making it a
key factor in the pathophysiology of the disease.
QUESTION 4
if a pediatric patient has a problem with their salivary glands, what immunizations should you check
for
CORRECT ANSWER
mumps - MMR vaccine
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 2 of 31
, RATIONALE: The MMR vaccine is a key consideration because it targets mumps, a viral infection that causes swelling
and inflammation of the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands. By checking for MMR vaccination status,
healthcare providers can assess the patient's immunity to mumps and determine if they are at risk for developing the
condition.
QUESTION 5
what quality about a oral cavity mass would tell you it is an abscess and not just swelling or a
neoplasm
CORRECT ANSWER
fluctuance = abscess
-don't see this mentioned anywhere, but Liv thought it was important??
RATIONALE: The quality of fluctuance, or the presence of fluid movement under the skin, is a key indicator of an
abscess because it is a sign of pus accumulation, a hallmark of an infectious process. In contrast, swelling or neoplasms
typically do not produce fluid movement due to the nature of the underlying pathology, making fluctuance a crucial
distinguishing characteristic.
QUESTION 6
what are risk factors for bacterial sialadenitis
CORRECT ANSWER
-post op patients
-elderly/immunocompromised
RATIONALE: Bacterial sialadenitis is more likely to occur in individuals with compromised immune systems, such as the
elderly and immunocompromised patients, due to their reduced ability to mount an effective defense against pathogens.
Additionally, post-op patients are at increased risk due to the invasive nature of surgical procedures, which can
introduce bacteria into the body and compromise the integrity of the salivary glands.
QUESTION 7
what should be done if a palpable oral cavity mass has fluctuance
CORRECT ANSWER
culture material from I&D before initiating antibiotic treatment
RATIONALE: When a palpable oral cavity mass has fluctuance, it is essential to culture material from the mass before
initiating antibiotic treatment to identify the causative organism and guide targeted therapy, as empiric antibiotic
treatment may not effectively address the underlying infection. This approach also helps to prevent antibiotic resistance
and ensures that the patient receives the most effective treatment for their specific condition.
QUESTION 8
what is a potential complication of a surgical I&D for sialadenitis
CORRECT ANSWER
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 3 of 31
, facial nerve injury
RATIONALE: A surgical incision and drainage (I&D) for sialadenitis involves making an incision into the affected salivary
gland, which is located near the facial nerve. Due to its proximity to the facial nerve, damage to the facial nerve is a
potential complication of this procedure, as the surgical incision could inadvertently compromise the nerve's integrity.
QUESTION 9
what is the most common cause of bacterial sialadenitis
CORRECT ANSWER
s. aureus
-gram + cocci, catalase + and coagulase +
RATIONALE: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of bacterial sialadenitis due to its virulence factors,
including coagulase positivity, which enables it to form a protective biofilm on the salivary gland stones and cause
infection. The presence of catalase also allows S. aureus to resist phagocytosis by neutrophils, making it a highly
effective pathogen in this context.
QUESTION 10
what would be factors seen in a patient with bacterial sialadenitis due to actinomycosis
CORRECT ANSWER
dental trauma or poor oral hygiene preceding infection
abscess of parotid region
RATIONALE: Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species, which can be introduced into
the body through wounds or trauma, including dental trauma or poor oral hygiene, allowing the bacteria to infect the
parotid gland. This type of infection typically occurs when the normal mucosal barrier is compromised, making it easier
for Actinomyces to colonize and cause infection.
QUESTION 11
what is treatment for bacterial sialadenitis due to actinomycosis
CORRECT ANSWER
I&D abscess and culture for anaerobes
then administer penicillin
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 4 of 31
100+ (Premium 2026) Exam Training Kit | 100% Verified Answers | A+
Success Rate
100% Guarantee Pass
📋 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 100 Qs
This document, "CM Gastro Exam 1-HY," covers specific topics in gastroenterology, including salivary
gland anatomy and function, sialadenitis, oral cavity masses, gastrointestinal bleeding, upper GI bleed
management, and esophageal motility disorders. It provides 100 questions with correct answers and
detailed explanations, along with diagrams and images, to facilitate understanding and review of these
concepts. Students can utilize this document for studying and reviewing gastroenterology topics,
allowing them to reinforce their knowledge and prepare for exams.
✓ Verified Answers ✓ Exam Ready ✓ Study Guide
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide
EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
what is wharton's duct and where does it exit
CORRECT ANSWER
duct of the submandibular gland
near lingual frenulum
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 1 of 31
, RATIONALE: Wharton's duct, also known as the duct of the submandibular gland, is named after Thomas Wharton, who
first described it, and it carries saliva from the submandibular gland to the floor of the mouth, where it empties near the
lingual frenulum, a fold of mucous membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth. This location allows
the saliva to flow easily into the oral cavity, facilitating digestion and oral health.
QUESTION 2
what is stenson's duct and where does it exit
CORRECT ANSWER
duct of the parotid gland
near the 2nd upper molar
RATIONALE: Stenson's duct is the major salivary gland duct responsible for draining the parotid gland, which is a major
salivary gland that primarily secretes serous saliva. It exits the parotid gland near the 2nd upper molar, allowing the
saliva to flow into the oral cavity and facilitate digestion, making this location a key anatomical landmark.
QUESTION 3
what is the most common viral cause of sialadenitis and what gland is affected
CORRECT ANSWER
mumps - paramyxovirus
parotid gland
RATIONALE: The paramyxovirus, specifically mumps virus, is a common viral cause of sialadenitis due to its predilection
for infecting the salivary glands, particularly the parotid gland, which is a type of exocrine gland responsible for
producing saliva. This specific association is why mumps virus is often linked to parotid gland involvement, making it a
key factor in the pathophysiology of the disease.
QUESTION 4
if a pediatric patient has a problem with their salivary glands, what immunizations should you check
for
CORRECT ANSWER
mumps - MMR vaccine
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 2 of 31
, RATIONALE: The MMR vaccine is a key consideration because it targets mumps, a viral infection that causes swelling
and inflammation of the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands. By checking for MMR vaccination status,
healthcare providers can assess the patient's immunity to mumps and determine if they are at risk for developing the
condition.
QUESTION 5
what quality about a oral cavity mass would tell you it is an abscess and not just swelling or a
neoplasm
CORRECT ANSWER
fluctuance = abscess
-don't see this mentioned anywhere, but Liv thought it was important??
RATIONALE: The quality of fluctuance, or the presence of fluid movement under the skin, is a key indicator of an
abscess because it is a sign of pus accumulation, a hallmark of an infectious process. In contrast, swelling or neoplasms
typically do not produce fluid movement due to the nature of the underlying pathology, making fluctuance a crucial
distinguishing characteristic.
QUESTION 6
what are risk factors for bacterial sialadenitis
CORRECT ANSWER
-post op patients
-elderly/immunocompromised
RATIONALE: Bacterial sialadenitis is more likely to occur in individuals with compromised immune systems, such as the
elderly and immunocompromised patients, due to their reduced ability to mount an effective defense against pathogens.
Additionally, post-op patients are at increased risk due to the invasive nature of surgical procedures, which can
introduce bacteria into the body and compromise the integrity of the salivary glands.
QUESTION 7
what should be done if a palpable oral cavity mass has fluctuance
CORRECT ANSWER
culture material from I&D before initiating antibiotic treatment
RATIONALE: When a palpable oral cavity mass has fluctuance, it is essential to culture material from the mass before
initiating antibiotic treatment to identify the causative organism and guide targeted therapy, as empiric antibiotic
treatment may not effectively address the underlying infection. This approach also helps to prevent antibiotic resistance
and ensures that the patient receives the most effective treatment for their specific condition.
QUESTION 8
what is a potential complication of a surgical I&D for sialadenitis
CORRECT ANSWER
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 3 of 31
, facial nerve injury
RATIONALE: A surgical incision and drainage (I&D) for sialadenitis involves making an incision into the affected salivary
gland, which is located near the facial nerve. Due to its proximity to the facial nerve, damage to the facial nerve is a
potential complication of this procedure, as the surgical incision could inadvertently compromise the nerve's integrity.
QUESTION 9
what is the most common cause of bacterial sialadenitis
CORRECT ANSWER
s. aureus
-gram + cocci, catalase + and coagulase +
RATIONALE: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of bacterial sialadenitis due to its virulence factors,
including coagulase positivity, which enables it to form a protective biofilm on the salivary gland stones and cause
infection. The presence of catalase also allows S. aureus to resist phagocytosis by neutrophils, making it a highly
effective pathogen in this context.
QUESTION 10
what would be factors seen in a patient with bacterial sialadenitis due to actinomycosis
CORRECT ANSWER
dental trauma or poor oral hygiene preceding infection
abscess of parotid region
RATIONALE: Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species, which can be introduced into
the body through wounds or trauma, including dental trauma or poor oral hygiene, allowing the bacteria to infect the
parotid gland. This type of infection typically occurs when the normal mucosal barrier is compromised, making it easier
for Actinomyces to colonize and cause infection.
QUESTION 11
what is treatment for bacterial sialadenitis due to actinomycosis
CORRECT ANSWER
I&D abscess and culture for anaerobes
then administer penicillin
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 4 of 31
