WGU C175 D426 DATA MANAGEMENT
FOUNDATIONS OA EXAM Question and
Answer 2026 | Comprehensive Study
Pack with Detailed Rationales | A+
Verified
• A company posts an internet-based newsletter about their products. What
advantage will this company gain from the relational database management
system that will store customer information? -✓✓Improved query response time
• What is the method of organizing attributes into tables? -✓✓Data
NORMALIZATION
• What should a company expect from implementing a business intelligence
system? -✓✓- Financial: Increased profitability
- Productivity: Increased throughput, decreased workloads
- Trust: greater satisfaction
- Risk: improved visibility
• What is a relational model? -✓✓A database model based on mathematical
principles
• What are the 3 mathematical concepts of the relational model? -✓✓- Domain
- Tuple
- Relation
• Define: Domain -✓✓Set of values = 'Data Type'
• Define: Tuple -✓✓Finite sequence of values pulled from a fixed domain = 'Row'
• Define: Relation -✓✓A named set of tuples, all from same domain = 'Table'
• A tuple position is called a: -✓✓Attribute
, • How is cardinality depicted in a diagram for many, one, and zero? -✓✓- Many =
Crow's Foot
- One = a bar across the end of a relationship (--||--)
- Zero = Circle
• Difference between Unary and Binary: -✓✓- Unary: One entity involved in
relationship (one box, one line)
- Binary: Two entities (two boxes combined by one line)
• If an entity is mandatory, how is it depicted in an ER diagram? -✓✓With a single
vertical line through the relationship line
• What does an 'M' mean when shown on an entity in an ER diagram? -
✓✓Mandatory
• What does a 'PI' mean when shown on an entity in an ER diagram? -✓✓Primary
Identifier - used for attribute(s) that uniquely identify the whole entity
• How are maxima and minima depicted in an ER diagram? -✓✓Maxima is the
first letter/number shown (outside of the entity) and Minima is the letter next to
it in parentheses
• Define: Singular Attribute -✓✓Each entity instance has at most ONE attribute
instance
• Define: Plural Attribute -✓✓Each entity instance can have MANY attribute
instances
• Define: Unique Attribute -✓✓Each attribute instance describes only ONE entity
instance
• How do entity and attribute maxima appear in an ER diagram? -✓✓As M or 1
following the attribute name
• What combination of entity and attribute maxima/minima is considered
unique? -✓✓If the first number is a 1
FOUNDATIONS OA EXAM Question and
Answer 2026 | Comprehensive Study
Pack with Detailed Rationales | A+
Verified
• A company posts an internet-based newsletter about their products. What
advantage will this company gain from the relational database management
system that will store customer information? -✓✓Improved query response time
• What is the method of organizing attributes into tables? -✓✓Data
NORMALIZATION
• What should a company expect from implementing a business intelligence
system? -✓✓- Financial: Increased profitability
- Productivity: Increased throughput, decreased workloads
- Trust: greater satisfaction
- Risk: improved visibility
• What is a relational model? -✓✓A database model based on mathematical
principles
• What are the 3 mathematical concepts of the relational model? -✓✓- Domain
- Tuple
- Relation
• Define: Domain -✓✓Set of values = 'Data Type'
• Define: Tuple -✓✓Finite sequence of values pulled from a fixed domain = 'Row'
• Define: Relation -✓✓A named set of tuples, all from same domain = 'Table'
• A tuple position is called a: -✓✓Attribute
, • How is cardinality depicted in a diagram for many, one, and zero? -✓✓- Many =
Crow's Foot
- One = a bar across the end of a relationship (--||--)
- Zero = Circle
• Difference between Unary and Binary: -✓✓- Unary: One entity involved in
relationship (one box, one line)
- Binary: Two entities (two boxes combined by one line)
• If an entity is mandatory, how is it depicted in an ER diagram? -✓✓With a single
vertical line through the relationship line
• What does an 'M' mean when shown on an entity in an ER diagram? -
✓✓Mandatory
• What does a 'PI' mean when shown on an entity in an ER diagram? -✓✓Primary
Identifier - used for attribute(s) that uniquely identify the whole entity
• How are maxima and minima depicted in an ER diagram? -✓✓Maxima is the
first letter/number shown (outside of the entity) and Minima is the letter next to
it in parentheses
• Define: Singular Attribute -✓✓Each entity instance has at most ONE attribute
instance
• Define: Plural Attribute -✓✓Each entity instance can have MANY attribute
instances
• Define: Unique Attribute -✓✓Each attribute instance describes only ONE entity
instance
• How do entity and attribute maxima appear in an ER diagram? -✓✓As M or 1
following the attribute name
• What combination of entity and attribute maxima/minima is considered
unique? -✓✓If the first number is a 1
