, TEST BANK Massage Therapy 7/E Susan Salvo t t t t t t
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
t t t t t t t t t t t t
tSocieties, Organizations, and Associations.
t t t
MULTIPLE CHOICE t
1. Which method is defined as manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes?
t t t t
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy t
d. Massage therapy t
ANS: D
Massage therapy the manipulation of soft tissue using compression and
t t t t t t t t t
decompression/traction for clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes or for wellness and
t t t t t t t t t t t
self-care purposes.
t t
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
t t t t t t t
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: B
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Hebrew mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Sanskrit makeh, and the French masser.
t t t t t t
3. When was the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: C
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures.
t t t t t t t t t t t t
Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or rubbing.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BCE in which country?
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: B
Written records regarding the practice of massage go back to 3000 BCE in China.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BCE.
t t t t t t t t t t
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
, a. Tao Te Ching t t
b. Nei Ching t
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum t
ANS: B
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BCE) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
medicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BCE, and
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
this work contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal
t t t t t t t t t t t t
medicines.
t
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
energetic therapies?
t t
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
therapies, manual and energetic.
t t t t
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
t t t t t t t
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: A
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China, and massage
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical texts, the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Ayurveda books of wisdom (about 1800 BCE) and recommend massage as an indispensable
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
healing procedure.
t t
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses pressure
t t t t t t t t t t t t
applied from the practitioner’s thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
acupuncture —energy flows in the body through streams called channels or meridians.
t t t t t t t t t t t t
Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, and even their knees and feet.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
t t t t t t t t t t
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: D
Hippocrates was known to be a fine physician, founder of a medical school, author of t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ These works are
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
collectively known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was
t t t t t t t t t t t t
known about disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally
t t t t t t t t t t t t
recognized as the father of modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
should avoid causing harm to patients.
t t t t t t
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
both the East and the West?
t t t t t t
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C
A text entitled
t t or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest t t t t t t t t t t t
Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
The Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
the East and the West.
t t t t t
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
t t t t t t t t t t t t
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He used friction to treat
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
dislocated joints and other orthopedic conditions.
t t t t t t
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to
t t t t t t t t t t t t
muscular contraction of the heart?
t t t t t
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: C
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628,
t t t t t t t t t t t
and his writings did much to promote the acceptance of massage as a treatment
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
measure.
t
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that active phase of the heart
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
muscular contraction (systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins.
t t t t t t t t t
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
t t t t t t t t t t t
a. Johann Mezger t
b. Pehr H. Ling t t
c. George Henry Taylor t t
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
t t t t t t t t t t t t
tSocieties, Organizations, and Associations.
t t t
MULTIPLE CHOICE t
1. Which method is defined as manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
t clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes?
t t t t
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy t
d. Massage therapy t
ANS: D
Massage therapy the manipulation of soft tissue using compression and
t t t t t t t t t
decompression/traction for clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes or for wellness and
t t t t t t t t t t t
self-care purposes.
t t
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
t t t t t t t
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: B
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Hebrew mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Sanskrit makeh, and the French masser.
t t t t t t
3. When was the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: C
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures.
t t t t t t t t t t t t
Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or rubbing.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BCE in which country?
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: B
Written records regarding the practice of massage go back to 3000 BCE in China.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BCE.
t t t t t t t t t t
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
, a. Tao Te Ching t t
b. Nei Ching t
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum t
ANS: B
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BCE) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
medicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BCE, and
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
this work contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal
t t t t t t t t t t t t
medicines.
t
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
energetic therapies?
t t
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
therapies, manual and energetic.
t t t t
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
t t t t t t t
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: A
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China, and massage
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical texts, the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Ayurveda books of wisdom (about 1800 BCE) and recommend massage as an indispensable
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
healing procedure.
t t
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses pressure
t t t t t t t t t t t t
applied from the practitioner’s thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
acupuncture —energy flows in the body through streams called channels or meridians.
t t t t t t t t t t t t
Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, and even their knees and feet.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
t t t t t t t t t t
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: D
Hippocrates was known to be a fine physician, founder of a medical school, author of t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ These works are
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
collectively known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was
t t t t t t t t t t t t
known about disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally
t t t t t t t t t t t t
recognized as the father of modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
should avoid causing harm to patients.
t t t t t t
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
both the East and the West?
t t t t t t
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C
A text entitled
t t or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest t t t t t t t t t t t
Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
The Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
the East and the West.
t t t t t
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
t t t t t t t t t t t t
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He used friction to treat
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
dislocated joints and other orthopedic conditions.
t t t t t t
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to
t t t t t t t t t t t t
muscular contraction of the heart?
t t t t t
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: C
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628,
t t t t t t t t t t t
and his writings did much to promote the acceptance of massage as a treatment
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
measure.
t
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that active phase of the heart
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
muscular contraction (systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins.
t t t t t t t t t
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
t t t t t t t t t t t
a. Johann Mezger t
b. Pehr H. Ling t t
c. George Henry Taylor t t
