CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH PRACTICE SOLUTION GRADED A+
⩥ Benner and Wrubel (1989). Answer: A person is a self-interpreting
being, defined over the course of living a life.
⩥ Katie Erikson. Answer: Human being is an entity of body, soul, and
spirit; fundamentally a religious being.
⩥ Martha Rogers. Answer: Person = unitary human being, a unified
whole composed of interdependent parts.
⩥ Dorothea Orem. Answer: A person is a total being with universal
developmental needs and capable of continuous self-care.
⩥ Sister Callista Roy. Answer: Man is a biopsychosocial and spiritual
being in constant contact with the environment.
⩥ WHO (1947). Answer: Health is a complete physical, mental, and
social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.
, ⩥ Claude Bernard. Answer: Health is the ability to maintain internal
milieu; illness is failure to maintain the internal environment.
⩥ Illness vs. Disease. Answer: Illness is subjective, disease is objective.
⩥ Health. Answer: A state; wellness is how you maintain your health
(active process).
⩥ Well-being. Answer: Subjective perception of balance, harmony, and
vitality.
⩥ Wellness. Answer: Involves engaging in attitudes and behaviors that
enhance the quality of life.
⩥ Disease. Answer: Alteration in body functions resulting in reduction
of capacities.
⩥ High-Level Wellness (HLW). Answer: Integrated method of
functioning oriented towards maximizing one's potentialities.
⩥ Precursor of Illness. Answer: Hereditary, Behavioral Factors,
Environmental Factors.