NSG 122 Fundamental Concepts HESI Final Exam Study
Guide 2026 | Most Tested Questions | Verified Answers |
Graded A+
1. A patient recovering from surgery is unable to perform active movements.
How would you implement passive exercise to assist in their recovery?
By focusing solely on respiratory exercises.
By encouraging the patient to perform exercises independently.
By gently moving the patient's joints through their range of motion
to maintain mobility.
By using resistance bands to strengthen the patient's muscles.
2. What do functional assessments in nursing primarily evaluate?
A patient's medication adherence and compliance.
A patient's ability to perform daily activities and their overall health
status.
A patient's emotional stability and mental health.
A patient's family history and genetic predispositions.
3. When educating an adult patient on proper instillation of ear drops, they
should:
Pull the ear FORWARD and DOWN
Pull the ear BACK and UP
Pull the ear FORWARD and UP
Pull the ear BACK and DOWN
4. What is the primary function of a nasal cannula in patient care?
, Wound care
Oxygen delivery
Medication administration
Nutritional support
5. Describe how the Z-track technique contributes to patient comfort during
intramuscular injections.
The Z-track technique is used to inject larger volumes of medication.
The Z-track technique ensures that the needle does not touch the skin.
The Z-track technique allows for faster absorption of the medication
into the bloodstream.
The Z-track technique minimizes discomfort and irritation by
preventing medication from leaking into the subcutaneous tissue.
6. A patient has been admitted to the hospital with a low oxygen saturation. The
nurse identifies that the O2 rate is at 93% and has been given an order to
place a nasal cannula on the patient. A few days later after the cannula is
placed, the nurse notices skin breakdown around the ears and identifies that
this nasal cannula has caused a
device-related pressure injury
stage 2 pressure injury
deep tissue pressure injury
stage 1 pressure injury
7. In a clinical scenario, if a patient develops a stage 2 pressure injury, what
immediate nursing intervention should be prioritized?
Ignoring the injury as it will heal on its own.
, Performing a surgical intervention to remove the ulcer.
Administering systemic antibiotics immediately.
Implementing appropriate wound care and pressure relief
measures.
8. Describe the characteristics of Stage III pressure ulcers.
Stage III pressure ulcers have exposed bone, tendon, or muscle.
Stage III pressure ulcers are characterized by non-blanchable
redness.
Stage III pressure ulcers are superficial with partial thickness loss.
Stage III pressure ulcers involve full thickness skin loss.
9. How many stages are there in the classification of pressure ulcers?
Four stages
Two stages
Three stages
Five stages
10. In a scenario where a nurse is caring for a patient with a contagious
infection, which combination of infection control measures should the nurse
prioritize?
Only hand hygiene
Only PPE
Hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
Proper disposal of contaminated materials only
, 11. What are the three main focuses of respiratory care in nursing?
Maintaining airway patency, oxygenation, and managing respiratory
conditions.
Conducting psychosocial evaluations, ensuring patient safety, and
providing education.
Administering medications, monitoring vital signs, and providing
wound care.
Assessing dietary needs, performing functional assessments, and
managing pain.
12. If a patient requires long-term nutritional support and has difficulty
swallowing, what feeding method would be most appropriate?
Nasal feeding
Intravenous feeding
Oral feeding
PEG feeding
13. What do functional assessments in nursing primarily evaluate?
A patient's psychological state
A patient's medical history
A patient's nutritional intake
A patient's ability to perform daily activities
14. What is the recommended volume of gastric residual that indicates a risk for
aspiration during tube feeding?
50 to 100 mL
Guide 2026 | Most Tested Questions | Verified Answers |
Graded A+
1. A patient recovering from surgery is unable to perform active movements.
How would you implement passive exercise to assist in their recovery?
By focusing solely on respiratory exercises.
By encouraging the patient to perform exercises independently.
By gently moving the patient's joints through their range of motion
to maintain mobility.
By using resistance bands to strengthen the patient's muscles.
2. What do functional assessments in nursing primarily evaluate?
A patient's medication adherence and compliance.
A patient's ability to perform daily activities and their overall health
status.
A patient's emotional stability and mental health.
A patient's family history and genetic predispositions.
3. When educating an adult patient on proper instillation of ear drops, they
should:
Pull the ear FORWARD and DOWN
Pull the ear BACK and UP
Pull the ear FORWARD and UP
Pull the ear BACK and DOWN
4. What is the primary function of a nasal cannula in patient care?
, Wound care
Oxygen delivery
Medication administration
Nutritional support
5. Describe how the Z-track technique contributes to patient comfort during
intramuscular injections.
The Z-track technique is used to inject larger volumes of medication.
The Z-track technique ensures that the needle does not touch the skin.
The Z-track technique allows for faster absorption of the medication
into the bloodstream.
The Z-track technique minimizes discomfort and irritation by
preventing medication from leaking into the subcutaneous tissue.
6. A patient has been admitted to the hospital with a low oxygen saturation. The
nurse identifies that the O2 rate is at 93% and has been given an order to
place a nasal cannula on the patient. A few days later after the cannula is
placed, the nurse notices skin breakdown around the ears and identifies that
this nasal cannula has caused a
device-related pressure injury
stage 2 pressure injury
deep tissue pressure injury
stage 1 pressure injury
7. In a clinical scenario, if a patient develops a stage 2 pressure injury, what
immediate nursing intervention should be prioritized?
Ignoring the injury as it will heal on its own.
, Performing a surgical intervention to remove the ulcer.
Administering systemic antibiotics immediately.
Implementing appropriate wound care and pressure relief
measures.
8. Describe the characteristics of Stage III pressure ulcers.
Stage III pressure ulcers have exposed bone, tendon, or muscle.
Stage III pressure ulcers are characterized by non-blanchable
redness.
Stage III pressure ulcers are superficial with partial thickness loss.
Stage III pressure ulcers involve full thickness skin loss.
9. How many stages are there in the classification of pressure ulcers?
Four stages
Two stages
Three stages
Five stages
10. In a scenario where a nurse is caring for a patient with a contagious
infection, which combination of infection control measures should the nurse
prioritize?
Only hand hygiene
Only PPE
Hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
Proper disposal of contaminated materials only
, 11. What are the three main focuses of respiratory care in nursing?
Maintaining airway patency, oxygenation, and managing respiratory
conditions.
Conducting psychosocial evaluations, ensuring patient safety, and
providing education.
Administering medications, monitoring vital signs, and providing
wound care.
Assessing dietary needs, performing functional assessments, and
managing pain.
12. If a patient requires long-term nutritional support and has difficulty
swallowing, what feeding method would be most appropriate?
Nasal feeding
Intravenous feeding
Oral feeding
PEG feeding
13. What do functional assessments in nursing primarily evaluate?
A patient's psychological state
A patient's medical history
A patient's nutritional intake
A patient's ability to perform daily activities
14. What is the recommended volume of gastric residual that indicates a risk for
aspiration during tube feeding?
50 to 100 mL
