POPM 3240 Final ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is epidemiology? the study of the frequency, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in
populations, and the application of this study to control health problems
What does the application of epidemiological methods -disease occurrence (frequency, burden of disease)
allow us to understand? -causes of disease (etiology)
-screening for disease
-accuracy and interpretation of clinical diagnostics/tests (false positives and
negatives)
-determine the prognosis for many diseases (likely outcome of disease)
-clinical effectiveness of treatments
-health promotion, disease prevention, and prolongation of high-quality life
Define health a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity
Health is more than just the absence of disease, it is a both physically and psychologically well
state in which an individual is?
Define disease -a derangement in the function of the whole body of the host or any of its parts
OR
-a physiological/psychological dysfunction
define illness a subjective state of the person who feels aware of not being well
, 1) Are patterns of disease static? 1) No, they can change drastically
2) As a result, what do epidemiologists and health 2) monitor the prevalence of disease and understand how diseases are spread
officials need to continue to do?
1) What is cholera? 1) an acute diarrheal illness that causes death within hours if left untreated
2) When did historians begin to document outbreaks of 2) the 17th century
cholera? 3) developing nations and indigenous populations
3) What groups of people are still affected by cholera
outbreaks?
1) When does primary prevention occur? 1) before the onset of disease, where we try to prevent the development of a
2) What does primary prevention focus on? disease altogether
3) At the level of primary prevention, what do we aim to 2) health promotion (education to promote ways to stay healthy and avoid risky
do? behaviours) and health protection (ensuring the safety of food, water, air and the
4) Examples? environment)
3) increase the individual's resistance to disease, and decrease the individual's
susceptibility to disease
4) lab personnel wearing lab coats gloves and goggles, anti-smoking campaigns,
free condoms, and other contraceptives in university/college dorms
1) What is secondary prevention all about? 1) early detection of disease through screening (looking for early signs of disease
2) Examples? before it presents as a real problem)
2) doing stool tests for unseen presence of blood (a possible sign of colon
cancer), mammograms, and routine blood pressure checks
1) What does tertiary prevention focus on? 1) addressing the results of clinical illness in order to lessen the impact of the
2) Examples? disease (focused on treatment of signs and symptoms of disease)
2) taking ibuprofen to manage joint pain, getting physical rehabilitation (or other
forms of rehabilitation such as psychosocial, medical, occupational), and assisting
those suffering from cardiac events (e.g. stroke, heart attack) to lose weight to
prevent further complications
1) What has epidemiology been used throughout the 1) investigate, characterize, and solve numerous human and animal health
ages to do? problems
2) Who are three notable epidemiologists and which 2) Ignaz Semmelweis (childhood fever), Edward Jenner (smallpox), and John Snow
diseases were they involved with? (cholera)
1) What was Dr. James Lind? 1) a doctor in the Royal navy, and was named 'the father of nautical medicine' after
2) What did Dr. Lind's trials show? conducting the first-ever randomized controlled trial to identify the cure for
scurvy
2) that citrus fruits cured scurvy
1) Who was Sir Percival Pott? 1) an English physician practicing in London, who made one of the earliest
2) What was his observation related to? accounts of a cause and effect linkage for an occupational carcinogen
3) What did he observe? 2) chimney-sweeper's cancer (soot-wart)
3) -that chimney-sweepers had to go into narrow, hot chimneys to clean, where
they were bruised, burned, and almost suffocated
-when they got into puberty they were at very high risk of developing a disease
What were the epidemiological advancements of the 19th -John Snow and the Broad St. pump
century? -communicable disease epidemiology
What is epidemiology? the study of the frequency, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in
populations, and the application of this study to control health problems
What does the application of epidemiological methods -disease occurrence (frequency, burden of disease)
allow us to understand? -causes of disease (etiology)
-screening for disease
-accuracy and interpretation of clinical diagnostics/tests (false positives and
negatives)
-determine the prognosis for many diseases (likely outcome of disease)
-clinical effectiveness of treatments
-health promotion, disease prevention, and prolongation of high-quality life
Define health a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity
Health is more than just the absence of disease, it is a both physically and psychologically well
state in which an individual is?
Define disease -a derangement in the function of the whole body of the host or any of its parts
OR
-a physiological/psychological dysfunction
define illness a subjective state of the person who feels aware of not being well
, 1) Are patterns of disease static? 1) No, they can change drastically
2) As a result, what do epidemiologists and health 2) monitor the prevalence of disease and understand how diseases are spread
officials need to continue to do?
1) What is cholera? 1) an acute diarrheal illness that causes death within hours if left untreated
2) When did historians begin to document outbreaks of 2) the 17th century
cholera? 3) developing nations and indigenous populations
3) What groups of people are still affected by cholera
outbreaks?
1) When does primary prevention occur? 1) before the onset of disease, where we try to prevent the development of a
2) What does primary prevention focus on? disease altogether
3) At the level of primary prevention, what do we aim to 2) health promotion (education to promote ways to stay healthy and avoid risky
do? behaviours) and health protection (ensuring the safety of food, water, air and the
4) Examples? environment)
3) increase the individual's resistance to disease, and decrease the individual's
susceptibility to disease
4) lab personnel wearing lab coats gloves and goggles, anti-smoking campaigns,
free condoms, and other contraceptives in university/college dorms
1) What is secondary prevention all about? 1) early detection of disease through screening (looking for early signs of disease
2) Examples? before it presents as a real problem)
2) doing stool tests for unseen presence of blood (a possible sign of colon
cancer), mammograms, and routine blood pressure checks
1) What does tertiary prevention focus on? 1) addressing the results of clinical illness in order to lessen the impact of the
2) Examples? disease (focused on treatment of signs and symptoms of disease)
2) taking ibuprofen to manage joint pain, getting physical rehabilitation (or other
forms of rehabilitation such as psychosocial, medical, occupational), and assisting
those suffering from cardiac events (e.g. stroke, heart attack) to lose weight to
prevent further complications
1) What has epidemiology been used throughout the 1) investigate, characterize, and solve numerous human and animal health
ages to do? problems
2) Who are three notable epidemiologists and which 2) Ignaz Semmelweis (childhood fever), Edward Jenner (smallpox), and John Snow
diseases were they involved with? (cholera)
1) What was Dr. James Lind? 1) a doctor in the Royal navy, and was named 'the father of nautical medicine' after
2) What did Dr. Lind's trials show? conducting the first-ever randomized controlled trial to identify the cure for
scurvy
2) that citrus fruits cured scurvy
1) Who was Sir Percival Pott? 1) an English physician practicing in London, who made one of the earliest
2) What was his observation related to? accounts of a cause and effect linkage for an occupational carcinogen
3) What did he observe? 2) chimney-sweeper's cancer (soot-wart)
3) -that chimney-sweepers had to go into narrow, hot chimneys to clean, where
they were bruised, burned, and almost suffocated
-when they got into puberty they were at very high risk of developing a disease
What were the epidemiological advancements of the 19th -John Snow and the Broad St. pump
century? -communicable disease epidemiology
