Portage Learning – BIOD 331 / NURS
231 Pathophysiology – Module 2
Exam Practice Questions and Answers
(2026/2027)
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer. Why or why not? - answer-False,
only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess response to therapy or
reoccurrence.
What is the most important procedure in diagnosing the correct cancer and histology? - answer-
tissue biopsy
Explain the TNM system: - answer-T is the size and local spread of the primary tumor.
N is the involvement of the regional lymph nodes.
M is the extent of the metastatic involvement.
1. List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that might indicate a cancer diagnosis:
2. What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients? - answer-1.
S+S: Bleeding; sore that doesn't heal; fluid in the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal spaces; chest
pain, shortness of breath, cough, abdominal discomfort or swelling. Other possible answers can
include a mass or lump, pain (need to be specific), fatigue, fevers, weight loss
1
231 Pathophysiology – Module 2
Exam Practice Questions and Answers
(2026/2027)
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer. Why or why not? - answer-False,
only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess response to therapy or
reoccurrence.
What is the most important procedure in diagnosing the correct cancer and histology? - answer-
tissue biopsy
Explain the TNM system: - answer-T is the size and local spread of the primary tumor.
N is the involvement of the regional lymph nodes.
M is the extent of the metastatic involvement.
1. List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that might indicate a cancer diagnosis:
2. What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients? - answer-1.
S+S: Bleeding; sore that doesn't heal; fluid in the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal spaces; chest
pain, shortness of breath, cough, abdominal discomfort or swelling. Other possible answers can
include a mass or lump, pain (need to be specific), fatigue, fevers, weight loss
1
