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Exam (elaborations)

Physical Assessment | Question Paper with Exam-Ready Examiner Mark Scheme | All Chapters Latest 2026/2027 Edition | Verified Answers

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This document covers the fundamental principles and techniques of physical assessment, including patient examination, vital signs measurement, health history collection, and body systems evaluation. It features exam-focused questions and verified answers designed to support effective revision and preparation for healthcare and nursing examinations. The resource provides comprehensive coverage of essential clinical assessment skills and diagnostic procedures. Ideal for students seeking structured study material and exam-ready practice.

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TERM

Papule
elevated, solid < 1cm - pimple wart



TERM

PMI (Point of maximal impulse)
This is where the apical beat is assessed. The
ventricles(apex) points forward, the apex of the
left ventricle actually touches the anterior of the
chest wall near the left midclavicular line at or near
the 5th left ics.



TERM

Neurological system
1. Level of Consciousness
2. Mental Status

, 3. Cranial Nerves
4. Reflexes
5. Motor Function
6. Sensory Function



TERM

Level of Consciousness (LOC)
awake, alert, drowsy, lethargic, responds to voice,
responds to pain or non responsive.



TERM

Systole/Diastole
Systole begins with the 1st sound. As ventricles
start to contract, pressure within exceeds the
atria, shutting the mitral and ticuspid valves. Blood
is forced into the great vessels. When the
ventricles have emptied themselves the pressure
in the aorta and pulmonary arteries force the
smilunar valves shut(arotic/pulmonic) which is the

, 2nd sound and diastole (ventricular relaxation)
begains



TERM

crust
dried serum - impetigo - scab



TERM

stenosis
is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other
tubular organ or structure. It is also sometimes
called a "stricture" (as in urethral stricture).
This of the vascular type are often associated with
a noise (bruit) resulting from turbulent flow over
the narrowed blood vessel. This bruit can be made
audible by a stethoscope

, TERM

Adventitious (abnormal)
breath sounds when air passes through narrowed
airways filled with fluid or mucus; superimposed
over normal breath sounds
Crackles - fine, high pitched crackling sounds;
best heard on inspiration at the base caused by
reinflation of the alveoli
Rhonchi - low piched gurgling; moaning, snoring
quality; heard between scapula and lateral to
sternum; clears with coughing
Wheeze- high pitched, squeaky; best heard on
expiration; heard anywhere.


TERM

Hair
Assesses for distribution (hirsutism- excess hair),
texture, infestation; fullness or loss (alopecia)

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