Summary pluralist society TTO

Culture: all the values and norms that the members of a group or society share and consider natural

Functions of culture

1. Defines your identity
2. You share a common frame of reference
 The same norms, values so no trouble understanding each other
3. Regulates behavior
 Develop role behavior (teacher in class, boss at work)

Presentation of the self – the way we show ourselves in a role

Impression management – groups who together give a performance -> in private you act differently



Dominant and subcultures

 Dominant culture: the body of values and norms that are accepted by people within a society

-> usually people with political status put stamp on norms

 Subculture: group that develops norms that deviate from the dominant culture -> member of a church

-> youth cultures, religion, ethnic subcultures

 Counter culture: oppose dominant cultures -> animal liveration organisations, anti-globalisation



Culture transfer

Socialisation: the process in which someone, (sub)consciously is taught the values and norms of a group

-> with the aim that they adapt to their social environment

Socialisation takes place by means of imitation: they mirror behavior



Socialising institutions

-> institutions and organisations within which and through which the transfer of culture takes place in a society

-> christmas, ramadan



Social control

-> the process of socialising takes place through social control: the way in which people encourage or even force others
to comply with the prevailing norms

 Formal social control: based on weitten laws, rules (sport)
 Informal social control: rules of etiquette

Soccial control is often ezersized in postive and negative sanctions

Diploma = formal positive sanction

Booing a footbal team = informal negative saction

, Enculturalistaion, acculturalisaion & internalisation

 Enculturation: socialisation learned from birth from country of origin -> immigration is more difficult
 Acculturation: learning characteristics of culture you were not originally a member of
 Internalisation: when certain aspects of the culture or community you belong to become so much a part of you
that you automatically behave in the way that is expected of you -> you drive on the right without thinking



identification and identity

group identification: the result of socialisation and internalisation people feel like they belong to both the dominant and
the subculture.

Who we are is a mix between inherited and learned from characteristics

 Inherited- anger issues
 Learned - politeness

Nature – nurture



The Dutch identity

there is no Dutch identity -> we are loyal to the Dutch society yet we are all very different

immigrants can also be loyal



individual or the collective

The Netherlands places lots of emphasis on individual development ->

the dominant culture in the Netherlands is individualistic

collectivist culture we take care of others (parents in law) -> important in African countries



Definitions

pluralist society:

a society with cultural groups living together with lifestyles that go beyond ethnic differences matters like:
gender, sexual orientation, religions and subcultures make this type of society more diverse.

Tolerance

people's ability to accept people who behave differently



four pillars

 Catholics
 Protestants
 Socialists
 Liberals