CA CHIROPRACTIC LAW EXAM (CCLE)
2026/2027
Newly Released | Latest Updated Version
85 Questions, Answers & Verified Rationales
Graded A+ | 100% Correct | Guaranteed Pass
Q1: Which of the following definitions most accurately describes the "practice of chiropractic" in
California according to the Business and Professions Code?
A. The diagnosis and treatment of human ailments without the use of drugs or surgery.
B. A non-drug, non-surgical healing art based on the premise that the nervous system controls
the body, utilizing spinal adjustments and manual manipulation.
C. The practice of chiropractic includes the adjustment and manipulation of the
articulations of the human body, particularly the spine, and the treatment of human
ailments without the use of drugs or surgery.
D. The administration of Schedule IV drugs and physical therapy modalities for pain
management.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because Business and Professions Code § 1000.2 defines the practice of
chiropractic to include the adjustment and manipulation of the articulations of the human body
and the treatment of human ailments without the exclusive use of drugs or surgery. While it
emphasizes the spine and nervous system, the statutory definition specifically highlights the
exclusion of drugs and surgery.
Q2: A chiropractor is reviewing their license renewal requirements. How often must a California
chiropractic license be renewed?
A. Annually.
B. Biennially (every 2 years).
C. Every 4 years.
D. Every 5 years.
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because per Business and Professions Code § 1002.1, chiropractic licenses
expire and must be renewed every two years. The renewal requires the completion of continuing
education and payment of the renewal fee.
Q3: Under California law, which of the following acts constitutes unprofessional conduct
regarding advertising?
A. Stating that the chiropractor is a "Certified Chiropractic Sports Physician" (CCSP) if the
certification is current and valid.
B. Advertising in a local newspaper that the chiropractor "guarantees a cure for
chronic back pain."
C. Distributing a brochure that lists the chiropractor's office hours, location, and fees.
D. Using the title "Doctor" on the office signage if the individual holds a valid chiropractic
license.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because Business and Professions Code § 651 and regulations enforced by
the Board prohibit advertising that contains a guarantee of cure, is misleading, or creates false
or unjustified expectations. Listing valid credentials and basic office information is permitted,
and using the title "Doctor" is allowed for licensees.
Q4: What is the required record retention period for patient medical records for an adult patient
in California?
A. 5 years from the last date of service.
B. 7 years from the last date of service.
C. 10 years from the last date of service.
D. Indefinitely, or until the patient requests transfer.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because Title 16 CCR § 361(h)(1) requires that patient records be retained
for a minimum of 7 years from the date of the last entry. This ensures continuity of care and
availability of records for legal or regulatory review.
,Q5: A patient requests a copy of their medical records. What is the maximum fee a health care
provider may charge for copying these records in California?
A. The actual cost of copying, not to exceed $0.25 per page, plus reasonable clerical costs.
B. A flat fee of $25.00 regardless of the number of pages.
C. $0.50 per page plus postage.
D. The provider may charge whatever fee they deem appropriate as long as it is posted in the
office.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct because Health and Safety Code § 123110 limits the charges for medical
records copies to the actual cost of copying (capped at 25 cents per page for hard copies) and
reasonable clerical costs. Charging arbitrary fees or exceeding the per-page cap constitutes a
violation.
Q6: [SCENARIO] Dr. Jones treats a patient for a motor vehicle accident. The patient signs a lien
agreement promising to pay the bill out of the settlement. Three months later, the patient fires
Dr. Jones and requests the records to send to a new doctor. Dr. Jones refuses to release the
records until the lien is paid in full. Is this action legal?
A. Yes, a valid lien allows the doctor to hold records hostage until payment is received.
B. No, records cannot be withheld due to non-payment of a bill or pending lien.
C. Yes, but only if the records are original; copies must be provided.
D. No, unless the patient has signed a specific "retention of title" agreement.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct under Business and Professions Code § 123110 and general principles of
patient rights; a provider may not withhold patient records because of an outstanding debt or
lien, even if the debt is valid. While the doctor may pursue collection through other means, the
patient has a right to access their records.
Q7: Which of the following tasks is a Chiropractic Assistant (CA) strictly prohibited from
performing in California?
A. Applying hot or cold packs.
B. Taking patient vital signs.
C. Performing a spinal adjustment.
D. Setting up a patient for therapeutic ultrasound.
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because Title 16 CCR § 312 defines the permissible duties of unlicensed
personnel. Spinal adjustments are restricted to the practice of chiropractic and can only be
performed by a licensed doctor of chiropractic. Assistants cannot perform acts that constitute
the practice of chiropractic.
Q8: How many hours of Continuing Education (CE) are required for license renewal in
California for each two-year cycle?
A. 12 hours.
B. 24 hours.
C. 36 hours.
D. 48 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because Title 16 CCR § 361(i) requires licensees to complete a minimum of
24 hours of approved continuing education during each biennial renewal period. Of these, 12
hours must be acquired in a live, interactive setting.
Q9: [SCENARIO] Dr. Smith is facing a disciplinary hearing. The Board has filed a formal
document detailing the charges against her. What is this document called?
A. A Citation.
B. An Accusation.
C. A Subpoena.
D. A Notice of Deficiency.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because an Accusation is the formal pleading filed by the Board that
initiates a disciplinary action against a licensee. A Citation is a lesser disciplinary tool for minor
violations, while a Subpoena is a court order for testimony or documents.
2026/2027
Newly Released | Latest Updated Version
85 Questions, Answers & Verified Rationales
Graded A+ | 100% Correct | Guaranteed Pass
Q1: Which of the following definitions most accurately describes the "practice of chiropractic" in
California according to the Business and Professions Code?
A. The diagnosis and treatment of human ailments without the use of drugs or surgery.
B. A non-drug, non-surgical healing art based on the premise that the nervous system controls
the body, utilizing spinal adjustments and manual manipulation.
C. The practice of chiropractic includes the adjustment and manipulation of the
articulations of the human body, particularly the spine, and the treatment of human
ailments without the use of drugs or surgery.
D. The administration of Schedule IV drugs and physical therapy modalities for pain
management.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because Business and Professions Code § 1000.2 defines the practice of
chiropractic to include the adjustment and manipulation of the articulations of the human body
and the treatment of human ailments without the exclusive use of drugs or surgery. While it
emphasizes the spine and nervous system, the statutory definition specifically highlights the
exclusion of drugs and surgery.
Q2: A chiropractor is reviewing their license renewal requirements. How often must a California
chiropractic license be renewed?
A. Annually.
B. Biennially (every 2 years).
C. Every 4 years.
D. Every 5 years.
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because per Business and Professions Code § 1002.1, chiropractic licenses
expire and must be renewed every two years. The renewal requires the completion of continuing
education and payment of the renewal fee.
Q3: Under California law, which of the following acts constitutes unprofessional conduct
regarding advertising?
A. Stating that the chiropractor is a "Certified Chiropractic Sports Physician" (CCSP) if the
certification is current and valid.
B. Advertising in a local newspaper that the chiropractor "guarantees a cure for
chronic back pain."
C. Distributing a brochure that lists the chiropractor's office hours, location, and fees.
D. Using the title "Doctor" on the office signage if the individual holds a valid chiropractic
license.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because Business and Professions Code § 651 and regulations enforced by
the Board prohibit advertising that contains a guarantee of cure, is misleading, or creates false
or unjustified expectations. Listing valid credentials and basic office information is permitted,
and using the title "Doctor" is allowed for licensees.
Q4: What is the required record retention period for patient medical records for an adult patient
in California?
A. 5 years from the last date of service.
B. 7 years from the last date of service.
C. 10 years from the last date of service.
D. Indefinitely, or until the patient requests transfer.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because Title 16 CCR § 361(h)(1) requires that patient records be retained
for a minimum of 7 years from the date of the last entry. This ensures continuity of care and
availability of records for legal or regulatory review.
,Q5: A patient requests a copy of their medical records. What is the maximum fee a health care
provider may charge for copying these records in California?
A. The actual cost of copying, not to exceed $0.25 per page, plus reasonable clerical costs.
B. A flat fee of $25.00 regardless of the number of pages.
C. $0.50 per page plus postage.
D. The provider may charge whatever fee they deem appropriate as long as it is posted in the
office.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct because Health and Safety Code § 123110 limits the charges for medical
records copies to the actual cost of copying (capped at 25 cents per page for hard copies) and
reasonable clerical costs. Charging arbitrary fees or exceeding the per-page cap constitutes a
violation.
Q6: [SCENARIO] Dr. Jones treats a patient for a motor vehicle accident. The patient signs a lien
agreement promising to pay the bill out of the settlement. Three months later, the patient fires
Dr. Jones and requests the records to send to a new doctor. Dr. Jones refuses to release the
records until the lien is paid in full. Is this action legal?
A. Yes, a valid lien allows the doctor to hold records hostage until payment is received.
B. No, records cannot be withheld due to non-payment of a bill or pending lien.
C. Yes, but only if the records are original; copies must be provided.
D. No, unless the patient has signed a specific "retention of title" agreement.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct under Business and Professions Code § 123110 and general principles of
patient rights; a provider may not withhold patient records because of an outstanding debt or
lien, even if the debt is valid. While the doctor may pursue collection through other means, the
patient has a right to access their records.
Q7: Which of the following tasks is a Chiropractic Assistant (CA) strictly prohibited from
performing in California?
A. Applying hot or cold packs.
B. Taking patient vital signs.
C. Performing a spinal adjustment.
D. Setting up a patient for therapeutic ultrasound.
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because Title 16 CCR § 312 defines the permissible duties of unlicensed
personnel. Spinal adjustments are restricted to the practice of chiropractic and can only be
performed by a licensed doctor of chiropractic. Assistants cannot perform acts that constitute
the practice of chiropractic.
Q8: How many hours of Continuing Education (CE) are required for license renewal in
California for each two-year cycle?
A. 12 hours.
B. 24 hours.
C. 36 hours.
D. 48 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because Title 16 CCR § 361(i) requires licensees to complete a minimum of
24 hours of approved continuing education during each biennial renewal period. Of these, 12
hours must be acquired in a live, interactive setting.
Q9: [SCENARIO] Dr. Smith is facing a disciplinary hearing. The Board has filed a formal
document detailing the charges against her. What is this document called?
A. A Citation.
B. An Accusation.
C. A Subpoena.
D. A Notice of Deficiency.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because an Accusation is the formal pleading filed by the Board that
initiates a disciplinary action against a licensee. A Citation is a lesser disciplinary tool for minor
violations, while a Subpoena is a court order for testimony or documents.
