,
,A 58-year-old patient with long-standing hypertension develops concentric left ventricular
hypertrophy. Which mechanism primarily drives this structural change?
A. Increased preload from volume overload
B. Chronic pressure overload leading to myocardial fiber thickening
C. Decreased afterload resulting in chamber dilation
D. Increased sympathetic stimulation causing myocyte apoptosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
, Chronic pressure overload, such as that caused by long-standing hypertension, increases left
ventricular wall stress. To compensate, cardiomyocytes thicken (increase in sarcomeres added in
parallel), resulting in concentric hypertrophy, which helps normalize wall stress.
Which electrolyte abnormality is most likely to cause peaked T waves on an electrocardiogram?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperkalemia alters cardiac membrane potentials, leading to characteristic ECG changes
including peaked T waves and widened QRS complexes.
3.
,A 58-year-old patient with long-standing hypertension develops concentric left ventricular
hypertrophy. Which mechanism primarily drives this structural change?
A. Increased preload from volume overload
B. Chronic pressure overload leading to myocardial fiber thickening
C. Decreased afterload resulting in chamber dilation
D. Increased sympathetic stimulation causing myocyte apoptosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
, Chronic pressure overload, such as that caused by long-standing hypertension, increases left
ventricular wall stress. To compensate, cardiomyocytes thicken (increase in sarcomeres added in
parallel), resulting in concentric hypertrophy, which helps normalize wall stress.
Which electrolyte abnormality is most likely to cause peaked T waves on an electrocardiogram?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperkalemia alters cardiac membrane potentials, leading to characteristic ECG changes
including peaked T waves and widened QRS complexes.
3.
