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Samenvatting Voedingsleer Deel 1 | VIVES | 2025/2026

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Dit studiemateriaal is Deel 1 van Voedingsleer voor de opleiding Voedings- en Dieetkunde via afstandsonderwijs aan Katholieke Hogeschool VIVES. Het document behandelt fundamentele onderwerpen zoals voedingsstoffen en aanbevelingen, energie, eiwitten, vetten, essentiële aminozuren en vetbronnen, aangevuld met praktische toepassingen. Ideaal voor het structureren van je studie en het voorbereiden op tentamens dankzij de duidelijke indeling in concepten, definities en functies van macronutriënten.

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Voedingsleer – Deel 1
Inhoud
Begrippen en aanbevelingen voor voedingsstoffen ................................................................................ 5
Definities en begrippen ....................................................................................................................... 5
Voedingsstoffen, non-nutriënten, bioactieve stoffen, xenobiotica, natuurlijke toxines ..................... 5
Minimale en optimale behoeften ........................................................................................................ 6
Aanbevolen hoeveelheden voedingsstoffen ....................................................................................... 7
Gebruik van de aanbevolen hoeveelheden voedingsstoffen .............................................................. 9
Energie ................................................................................................................................................... 11
1. Eenheid van energie .................................................................................................................. 11
2. Energiemetabolisme .................................................................................................................. 11
3. Factoren die de energiebehoefte beïnvloeden ......................................................................... 12
4. Bepalen van de energiebehoefte .............................................................................................. 12
Eiwitten .................................................................................................................................................. 15
1. Structuur .................................................................................................................................... 15
2. Functies ..................................................................................................................................... 15
3. Eiwitten in de voeding ............................................................................................................... 16
4. Essentiële aminozuren............................................................................................................... 16
5. Eiwitkwaliteit ............................................................................................................................. 17
6. Eiwitaanvulling........................................................................................................................... 18
7. PDCAAS en DIAAS ...................................................................................................................... 19
8. Behoefte aan aminozuren ......................................................................................................... 19
9. Eiwitbehoefte ............................................................................................................................ 20
10. Eiwitondervoeding ................................................................................................................ 20
11. Toxiciteit................................................................................................................................. 21
Vetten .................................................................................................................................................... 22
1. Structuur .................................................................................................................................... 22
2. Indeling Vetzuren....................................................................................................................... 22
2.1 Indeling naargelang lengte en aantal dubbele bindingen ............................................... 22
2.2 Indeling vetzuren volgens de beginplaats van de dubbele binding ................................. 23
3. Vetbronnen in de voeding ......................................................................................................... 26
4. Functies ..................................................................................................................................... 26
5. Essentiële vetzuren .................................................................................................................... 27
6. Cholesterol en lecithine ............................................................................................................. 28


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, 7. Aanbevolen hoeveelheden ........................................................................................................ 28
8. Toxiciteit..................................................................................................................................... 28
9. Invloed vet - gezondheid .......................................................................................................... 29
10. Praktische aanbevelingen ...................................................................................................... 32
Koolhydraten (Kh) – sachariden ............................................................................................................ 33
1. Structuur .................................................................................................................................... 33
2. Glycemische index ..................................................................................................................... 35
3. Functies ..................................................................................................................................... 35
4. Bronnen van koolhydraten in de voeding .................................................................................. 36
5. Behoefte .................................................................................................................................... 36
Voedingsvezels....................................................................................................................................... 37
1. Definitie ..................................................................................................................................... 37
2. Soorten voedingsvezels (zie cursus p63) ................................................................................... 37
3. Bronnen in de voeding .............................................................................................................. 38
4. Oplosbare en onoplosbare vezels.............................................................................................. 38
5. Fysiologische eigenschappen van voedingsvezels ..................................................................... 39
6. Systemische effecten van voedingsvezels.................................................................................. 40
7. Aanbevolen hoeveelheden ........................................................................................................ 41
8. Nadelen van een hoge inname van vezels................................................................................. 41
Water ..................................................................................................................................................... 43
1. Verdeling van water over het lichaam ....................................................................................... 43
2. Functies van water..................................................................................................................... 43
3. Waterbalans .............................................................................................................................. 43
4. Behoefte aan water ................................................................................................................... 43
Alcohol ................................................................................................................................................... 45
1. Metabolisme.............................................................................................................................. 45
2. Functie ....................................................................................................................................... 45
3. Relatie alcohol - gezondheid ..................................................................................................... 45
4. Aanbevolen hoeveelheden ........................................................................................................ 46
Mineralen en spoorelementen .............................................................................................................. 47
Mineralen .......................................................................................................................................... 47
1. Natrium (Na) .............................................................................................................................. 47
2. Kalium (K)................................................................................................................................... 49
3. Chloor (Cl) .................................................................................................................................. 49
4. Zwavel (S)................................................................................................................................... 50



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, 5. Calcium (Ca) ............................................................................................................................... 50
6. Fosfor (P).................................................................................................................................... 52
7. Magnesium (Mg) ....................................................................................................................... 53
Spoorelementen ................................................................................................................................ 54
1. IJzer (Fe) ..................................................................................................................................... 54
2. Zink (Zn) ..................................................................................................................................... 56
3. Koper (Cu) .................................................................................................................................. 56
4. Mangaan (Mn) ........................................................................................................................... 57
5. Molybdeel (Mo) ......................................................................................................................... 57
6. Fluor (F) ..................................................................................................................................... 57
7. Selenium (Se) ............................................................................................................................. 57
8. Chroom (Cr) ............................................................................................................................... 58
9. Jodium (I) ................................................................................................................................... 58
Vitamines ............................................................................................................................................... 60
1. Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 60
VETOPLOSBARE VITAMINES ............................................................................................................... 61
1. Vitamine A (RETINOL) ................................................................................................................ 61
2. Vitamine D (CHOLECALCIFEROL) !! ............................................................................................ 62
3. Vitamine E (TOCOFEROL) ........................................................................................................... 63
4. Vitamine K (K1 en K2) .................................................................................................................. 64
WATEROPLOSBARE VITAMINES ......................................................................................................... 65
1. Vitamine B1 (THIAMINE) ............................................................................................................ 65
2. Vitamine B2 (RIBOFLAVINE) ....................................................................................................... 66
3. Vitamine B3 (NIACINE) ............................................................................................................... 66
4. Vitamine B5 (PANTHOTEENZUUR) .............................................................................................. 67
5. Vitamine B8 (BIOTINE)................................................................................................................ 67
6. Vitamine B6 (PYRIDOXINE) ......................................................................................................... 67
7. Vitamine B11 (FOLIUMZUUR) ..................................................................................................... 68
8. Vitamine B12 (CYANOCOBALAMINE) .......................................................................................... 68
9. Vitamine C (ASCORBINEZUUR) !!............................................................................................... 69
Bioactieve stoffen .................................................................................................................................. 72
1. Definitie ..................................................................................................................................... 72
2. Werking bioactieve stoffen ........................................................................................................ 72
3. Soorten bioactieve stoffen ........................................................................................................ 73
3.1 Carotenoïden ................................................................................................................... 75



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, 3.2 Flavonoïden ..................................................................................................................... 75
3.3 Glucosinolaten ................................................................................................................. 75
3.4 Organosulfiden ................................................................................................................ 76
3.5 Terpenoïden ..................................................................................................................... 76
3.6 Fyto-Oestrogenen ............................................................................................................ 76
4. Inname van bioactieve stoffen met de voeding ........................................................................ 76




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