Law of Property 2022
Law of Property 22 Complete Study Notes, Case Summaries & Exam
Preparation Guide
exams in business, law, and mathematics, students often face considerable challenges in preparing for and performing well in these exams. The challenges differ by discipline, reflecting
the unique demands of each field.6.1. Challenges in Business ExamsOne of the primary challenges in business exams is the need to balance theoretical understanding with practical
application. Many business exams, especially those based on case studies, require students to analyze complex scenarios with limited information. Students often struggle with formulating
a strategic approach or making decisions based on incomplete data, as business problems in the real world rarely have clear-cut solutions.Additionally, business exams often require
interdisciplinary knowledge. For example, a student might be asked to analyze a business situation that involves financial accounting, marketing strategies, and organizational behavior all
at once. Students must be proficient in these diverse fields, which can be difficult given the breadth of material covered in business programs.6.2. Challenges in Law ExamsFroles in
various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics
Contents
Introduction: Outline of the Law of Property – Ch. 1 ....................................................... 4
Outline.............................................................................................................................. 4
The legal concepts of property – Ch. 2............................................................................. 7
Outline.............................................................................................................................. 7
Characteristics of Things ................................................................................................ 7
Defining a thing ........................................................................................................... 9
Classification of things...................................................................................................... 10
Constitutional concept of property ............................................................................... 11
Constitution, Movable, Incorporeals ........................................................................ 11
Classification according to negotiability ...................................................................... 11
Classification according to nature of things ................................................................ 13
Case Law....................................................................................................................... 16
The Concept of Rights – Ch. 3 ........................................................................................ 16
Outline............................................................................................................................ 16
Conventional Categories of Rights .............................................................................. 17
The distinction between real rights and personal rights ............................................ 17
Courts approach to the distinction between real and personal rights .................. 20
Principle of Publicity and Doctrine of Notice............................................................... 24
Principle of Publicity .................................................................................................. 24
Doctrine of Notice ..................................................................................................... 25
General Principles of Ownership – Ch. 5 ....................................................................... 27
1
,Law of Property 2022
Outline............................................................................................................................ 27
Content of Ownership ................................................................................................... 28
Definition of ownership ............................................................................................. 28
Content and entitlements of ownership................................................................... 28
Forms of Ownership ..................................................................................................... 30
Individual title aka Freehold Title ............................................................................. 30
Co-ownership (aka joint title aka ownership in common) ...................................... 31
Alternative Forms of Title ............................................................................................. 33
Sectional Title Schemes ........................................................................................... 33
Share-block schemes ............................................................................................... 34
Time-share Schemes ................................................................................................ 34
Retirement Schemes ................................................................................................ 35
Communal Property Associations ............................................................................ 35
Indigenous Land Rights............................................................................................ 36
Limitations of ownership – Ch. 6 ..................................................................................... 37
Outline............................................................................................................................ 37
Types of limitations ................................................................................................... 37
Constitutional Limitations – s 25 .................................................................................. 37
Expropriation.............................................................................................................. 38
Deprivation and Expropriation .................................................................................. 39
Constitutionality of s 25 infringements .................................................................... 39
Private law limitations: Neighbour law ........................................................................ 40
Outcomes .................................................................................................................. 40
Neighbour Law <3..................................................................................................... 41
Town Planning/Planning Law ....................................................................................... 46
Public-law restrictions ............................................................................................... 46
students for leaexams in business, law, and mathematics, students often face considerable challenges in preparing for and performing well in these exams. The challenges differ by
discipline, reflecting the unique demands of each field.6.1. Challenges in Business ExamsOne of the primary challenges in business exams is the need to balance theoretical
understanding with practical application. Many business exams, especially those based on case studies, require students to analyze complex scenarios with limited information.
Students often struggle with formulating a strategic approach or making decisions based on incomplete data, as business problems in the real world rarely have clear-cut
2
,Law of Property 2022
solutions.Additionally, business exams often require interdisciplinary knowledge. For example, a student might be asked to analyze a business situation that involves financial
accounting, marketing strategies, and organizational behavior all at once. Students must be proficient in these diverse fields, which can be difficult given the breadth of material
covered in business programs.6.2. Challenges in Law ExamsFdership and management roles in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving,
and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics
Acquisition of ownership – Ch. 7 ..................................................................................... 50
Outline............................................................................................................................ 50
Acquisition of ownership – forms ................................................................................. 50
Derivative Acquisition of Ownership ............................................................................ 60
Transfer of ownership as a separate legal concept ............................................... 60
Transfer of ownership as a juristic act ..................................................................... 61
Real agreement (subjective mental element) ......................................................... 61
Delivery and Registration (objective physical element) ......................................... 63
Protection of ownership – Ch. 8 ...................................................................................... 66
Outline............................................................................................................................ 66
Remedies....................................................................................................................... 67
Real remedies ........................................................................................................... 67
Delictual remedies .................................................................................................... 67
Rei vindicatio ................................................................................................................. 67
Requirements ............................................................................................................ 67
Normal onus of proof ................................................................................................ 68
Defences against rei vindicatio .................................................................................... 68
General defences ...................................................................................................... 69
Limitations of rei vindication – Prevention of Illegal Eviction & Unlawful Occupation of
Land Act 19 of 1998.......................................................................................................... 69
Limitations on the use of rei vindicatio ........................................................................ 69
Statutory Limitation ................................................................................................... 69
Right to housing: Const. s 26 ................................................................................... 70
What is eviction? ....................................................................................................... 70
Procedure .................................................................................................................. 71
exams in business, law, and mathematics, students often face considerable challenges in preparing for and performing well in these exams. The challenges differ by
discipline, reflecting the unique demands of each field.6.1. Challenges in Business ExamsOne of the primary challenges in business exams is the need to balance theoretical
understanding with practical application. Many business exams, especially those based on case studies, require students to analyze complex scenarios with limited information.
3
, Law of Property 2022
Introduction: Outline of the Law of Property – Ch. 1
Outline
1. Meaning of “property”
2. Function & place of property law
3. Scope & sources of property law
a. AJ Van der Walt “Property and Constitution” 2012 PULP 19-43
b. H Mostert and A Pope (eds) The Principles of The Law of Property in
South Africa (2010) students for leadership and management roles in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking,
decision-making, problem-solvexams in business, law, and mathematics, students often face considerable challenges in preparing for and
performing well in these exams. The challenges differ by discipline, reflecting the unique demands of each field.6.1. Challenges in Business
ExamsOne of the primary challenges in business exams is the need to balance theoretical understanding with practical application. Many
business exams, especially those based on case studies, require students to analyze complex scenarios with limited information. Students
often struggle with formulating a strategic approach or making decisions based on incomplete data, as business problems in the real world
rarely have clear-cut solutions.Additionally, business exams often require interdisciplinary knowledge. For example, a student might be asked
to analyze a business situation that involves financial accounting, marketing strategies, and organizational behavior all at once. Students must
be proficient in these diverse fields, which can be difficult given the breadth of material covered in business programs.6.2. Challenges in Law
ExamsFing, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics
Meaning of “Property” Reference
People’s rights over in or over certain objects or things
Right of ownership in a legal object
Legal object to which the right of ownership relates
Tangible v intangible objects Mostert, p. 5.
Legal relationships that qualify for constitutional protection under const.
property clause
Function of Property Law
Balance different individual interests in respect of property
Guarantee & protect individual and group rights to property
Control the relationship between natural & juristic persons,
Δ the things to which they are entitled
Δ and rights + obligations that arise from these relationships between
persons in respect of things p. 6
Social function to balance competing interests
Place of Property Law
4
Law of Property 22 Complete Study Notes, Case Summaries & Exam
Preparation Guide
exams in business, law, and mathematics, students often face considerable challenges in preparing for and performing well in these exams. The challenges differ by discipline, reflecting
the unique demands of each field.6.1. Challenges in Business ExamsOne of the primary challenges in business exams is the need to balance theoretical understanding with practical
application. Many business exams, especially those based on case studies, require students to analyze complex scenarios with limited information. Students often struggle with formulating
a strategic approach or making decisions based on incomplete data, as business problems in the real world rarely have clear-cut solutions.Additionally, business exams often require
interdisciplinary knowledge. For example, a student might be asked to analyze a business situation that involves financial accounting, marketing strategies, and organizational behavior all
at once. Students must be proficient in these diverse fields, which can be difficult given the breadth of material covered in business programs.6.2. Challenges in Law ExamsFroles in
various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics
Contents
Introduction: Outline of the Law of Property – Ch. 1 ....................................................... 4
Outline.............................................................................................................................. 4
The legal concepts of property – Ch. 2............................................................................. 7
Outline.............................................................................................................................. 7
Characteristics of Things ................................................................................................ 7
Defining a thing ........................................................................................................... 9
Classification of things...................................................................................................... 10
Constitutional concept of property ............................................................................... 11
Constitution, Movable, Incorporeals ........................................................................ 11
Classification according to negotiability ...................................................................... 11
Classification according to nature of things ................................................................ 13
Case Law....................................................................................................................... 16
The Concept of Rights – Ch. 3 ........................................................................................ 16
Outline............................................................................................................................ 16
Conventional Categories of Rights .............................................................................. 17
The distinction between real rights and personal rights ............................................ 17
Courts approach to the distinction between real and personal rights .................. 20
Principle of Publicity and Doctrine of Notice............................................................... 24
Principle of Publicity .................................................................................................. 24
Doctrine of Notice ..................................................................................................... 25
General Principles of Ownership – Ch. 5 ....................................................................... 27
1
,Law of Property 2022
Outline............................................................................................................................ 27
Content of Ownership ................................................................................................... 28
Definition of ownership ............................................................................................. 28
Content and entitlements of ownership................................................................... 28
Forms of Ownership ..................................................................................................... 30
Individual title aka Freehold Title ............................................................................. 30
Co-ownership (aka joint title aka ownership in common) ...................................... 31
Alternative Forms of Title ............................................................................................. 33
Sectional Title Schemes ........................................................................................... 33
Share-block schemes ............................................................................................... 34
Time-share Schemes ................................................................................................ 34
Retirement Schemes ................................................................................................ 35
Communal Property Associations ............................................................................ 35
Indigenous Land Rights............................................................................................ 36
Limitations of ownership – Ch. 6 ..................................................................................... 37
Outline............................................................................................................................ 37
Types of limitations ................................................................................................... 37
Constitutional Limitations – s 25 .................................................................................. 37
Expropriation.............................................................................................................. 38
Deprivation and Expropriation .................................................................................. 39
Constitutionality of s 25 infringements .................................................................... 39
Private law limitations: Neighbour law ........................................................................ 40
Outcomes .................................................................................................................. 40
Neighbour Law <3..................................................................................................... 41
Town Planning/Planning Law ....................................................................................... 46
Public-law restrictions ............................................................................................... 46
students for leaexams in business, law, and mathematics, students often face considerable challenges in preparing for and performing well in these exams. The challenges differ by
discipline, reflecting the unique demands of each field.6.1. Challenges in Business ExamsOne of the primary challenges in business exams is the need to balance theoretical
understanding with practical application. Many business exams, especially those based on case studies, require students to analyze complex scenarios with limited information.
Students often struggle with formulating a strategic approach or making decisions based on incomplete data, as business problems in the real world rarely have clear-cut
2
,Law of Property 2022
solutions.Additionally, business exams often require interdisciplinary knowledge. For example, a student might be asked to analyze a business situation that involves financial
accounting, marketing strategies, and organizational behavior all at once. Students must be proficient in these diverse fields, which can be difficult given the breadth of material
covered in business programs.6.2. Challenges in Law ExamsFdership and management roles in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving,
and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics
Acquisition of ownership – Ch. 7 ..................................................................................... 50
Outline............................................................................................................................ 50
Acquisition of ownership – forms ................................................................................. 50
Derivative Acquisition of Ownership ............................................................................ 60
Transfer of ownership as a separate legal concept ............................................... 60
Transfer of ownership as a juristic act ..................................................................... 61
Real agreement (subjective mental element) ......................................................... 61
Delivery and Registration (objective physical element) ......................................... 63
Protection of ownership – Ch. 8 ...................................................................................... 66
Outline............................................................................................................................ 66
Remedies....................................................................................................................... 67
Real remedies ........................................................................................................... 67
Delictual remedies .................................................................................................... 67
Rei vindicatio ................................................................................................................. 67
Requirements ............................................................................................................ 67
Normal onus of proof ................................................................................................ 68
Defences against rei vindicatio .................................................................................... 68
General defences ...................................................................................................... 69
Limitations of rei vindication – Prevention of Illegal Eviction & Unlawful Occupation of
Land Act 19 of 1998.......................................................................................................... 69
Limitations on the use of rei vindicatio ........................................................................ 69
Statutory Limitation ................................................................................................... 69
Right to housing: Const. s 26 ................................................................................... 70
What is eviction? ....................................................................................................... 70
Procedure .................................................................................................................. 71
exams in business, law, and mathematics, students often face considerable challenges in preparing for and performing well in these exams. The challenges differ by
discipline, reflecting the unique demands of each field.6.1. Challenges in Business ExamsOne of the primary challenges in business exams is the need to balance theoretical
understanding with practical application. Many business exams, especially those based on case studies, require students to analyze complex scenarios with limited information.
3
, Law of Property 2022
Introduction: Outline of the Law of Property – Ch. 1
Outline
1. Meaning of “property”
2. Function & place of property law
3. Scope & sources of property law
a. AJ Van der Walt “Property and Constitution” 2012 PULP 19-43
b. H Mostert and A Pope (eds) The Principles of The Law of Property in
South Africa (2010) students for leadership and management roles in various industries. It focuses on critical thinking,
decision-making, problem-solvexams in business, law, and mathematics, students often face considerable challenges in preparing for and
performing well in these exams. The challenges differ by discipline, reflecting the unique demands of each field.6.1. Challenges in Business
ExamsOne of the primary challenges in business exams is the need to balance theoretical understanding with practical application. Many
business exams, especially those based on case studies, require students to analyze complex scenarios with limited information. Students
often struggle with formulating a strategic approach or making decisions based on incomplete data, as business problems in the real world
rarely have clear-cut solutions.Additionally, business exams often require interdisciplinary knowledge. For example, a student might be asked
to analyze a business situation that involves financial accounting, marketing strategies, and organizational behavior all at once. Students must
be proficient in these diverse fields, which can be difficult given the breadth of material covered in business programs.6.2. Challenges in Law
ExamsFing, and understanding organizational processes. A typical business program might cover topics
Meaning of “Property” Reference
People’s rights over in or over certain objects or things
Right of ownership in a legal object
Legal object to which the right of ownership relates
Tangible v intangible objects Mostert, p. 5.
Legal relationships that qualify for constitutional protection under const.
property clause
Function of Property Law
Balance different individual interests in respect of property
Guarantee & protect individual and group rights to property
Control the relationship between natural & juristic persons,
Δ the things to which they are entitled
Δ and rights + obligations that arise from these relationships between
persons in respect of things p. 6
Social function to balance competing interests
Place of Property Law
4
