PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
# TERM DEFINITION
1 Preload
Left ventricular enddiastolic
pressure
2 Afterload Left ventricular emptying
3 Cardiac output
Amount of blood pumped out
of heart with each
contraction
4 Beck’s Triad
Seen in cardiac tamponade
Hypotension with narrowing
pulse pressure, elevated
central venous pressure with
neck vein distension, and
muffled heart sounds
,5 Cardiac tamponade
Caused by blood or fluid
accumulation in the
pericardial cavity A rapid rise
in intrapericardial pressure
that impairs diastolic filling
6 Cardiac tamponade
Caused by blood or fluid
accumulation in the
pericardial cavity A rapid rise
in intrapericardial pressure
that impairs diastolic filling
7 Pulsus paradoxus
Seen in cardiac tamponade;
inspiratory drop in systolic
pressure greater than 15 mm
Hg
,8 Chest X-RAY for cardiac
tamponade
Shows slightly widened
mediastinum and enlargement of
cardiac silhouette
9 Chest X-RAY for cardiac
tamponade
Shows slightly widened
mediastinum and enlargement of
cardiac silhouette
10 ECG with cardiac tamponade
Rules out other cardiac disorders;
Generalized ST segment
elevation
QRS amplitude may be reduced
11 Pulmonary artery pressure
monitoring for cardiac Reveals increased right
tamponade arterial pressure or CVP and
right ventricular diastolic
pressure
, 12 Echocardiogram for cardiac
tamponade
Records pericardial effusion
with signs of right ventricular
and atrial compression
13 Ways to remove blood/fluid
causing cardiac tamponade 1- pericardiocentesisneedle
aspiration of the pericardial
cavity
2- surgical creation of
anopening (pericardial window)
3- insertion of a drain intothe
pericardial sac to drain
the effusion
14 Hypotensive pts with cardiac
tamponade tx IV of normal saline solution
Possible inotropic drug
(dopamine)
Possible vasopressor
(phenylephrine)
# TERM DEFINITION
1 Preload
Left ventricular enddiastolic
pressure
2 Afterload Left ventricular emptying
3 Cardiac output
Amount of blood pumped out
of heart with each
contraction
4 Beck’s Triad
Seen in cardiac tamponade
Hypotension with narrowing
pulse pressure, elevated
central venous pressure with
neck vein distension, and
muffled heart sounds
,5 Cardiac tamponade
Caused by blood or fluid
accumulation in the
pericardial cavity A rapid rise
in intrapericardial pressure
that impairs diastolic filling
6 Cardiac tamponade
Caused by blood or fluid
accumulation in the
pericardial cavity A rapid rise
in intrapericardial pressure
that impairs diastolic filling
7 Pulsus paradoxus
Seen in cardiac tamponade;
inspiratory drop in systolic
pressure greater than 15 mm
Hg
,8 Chest X-RAY for cardiac
tamponade
Shows slightly widened
mediastinum and enlargement of
cardiac silhouette
9 Chest X-RAY for cardiac
tamponade
Shows slightly widened
mediastinum and enlargement of
cardiac silhouette
10 ECG with cardiac tamponade
Rules out other cardiac disorders;
Generalized ST segment
elevation
QRS amplitude may be reduced
11 Pulmonary artery pressure
monitoring for cardiac Reveals increased right
tamponade arterial pressure or CVP and
right ventricular diastolic
pressure
, 12 Echocardiogram for cardiac
tamponade
Records pericardial effusion
with signs of right ventricular
and atrial compression
13 Ways to remove blood/fluid
causing cardiac tamponade 1- pericardiocentesisneedle
aspiration of the pericardial
cavity
2- surgical creation of
anopening (pericardial window)
3- insertion of a drain intothe
pericardial sac to drain
the effusion
14 Hypotensive pts with cardiac
tamponade tx IV of normal saline solution
Possible inotropic drug
(dopamine)
Possible vasopressor
(phenylephrine)
