HESI PN Pharmacology Exam
Questions and Answers 100%
garanteed to pass!! (2026/2027)
Cephalexin monohydrate (Keflex) - Answer--A medication prescribed for
postoperative infections; important to check for penicillin allergy due to cross-allergy
with cephalosporins.
Cytosine arabinoside (Arc-C) - Answer--An antimetabolite used in chemotherapy;
key nursing intervention is to inspect the client's oral mucosa for ulcerations.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose - Answer--Most important to assess for pain in
the right upper quadrant of the abdomen due to potential liver damage.
Scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop) - Answer--An anticholinergic agent used to
prevent motion sickness; should be applied at least 4 hours prior to departure.
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump - Answer--Allows client to receive
morphine; priority assessment before use is the rate and depth of the client's
respirations.
Beta-1 agonist - Answer--Medication commonly prescribed for heart failure.
Morphine - Answer--An opiate narcotic administered via PCA; can cause respiratory
depression, requiring monitoring of respiratory rate.
Respiratory depression - Answer--A life-threatening side effect of intravenous
morphine, necessitating monitoring of respiratory rate.
Antimetabolite toxicity - Answer--Characterized by stomatitis and mucosal
ulcerations due to the effect on rapidly growing cells.
Transdermal patch duration - Answer--The duration of the scopolamine patch is 72
hours.
PCA pump maximum dosage - Answer--Client can receive a total of 5 mg IV
maximally per hour.
,IV fluids - Answer--Recommended to hydrate the client before and after infusion of
cytosine arabinoside.
Alcohol consumption - Answer--Clients using scopolamine should avoid alcohol as it
can enhance CNS depressant effects.
Pain assessment - Answer--Subjective and objective signs of pain are important to
evaluate before initiating PCA pump.
Oral mucosa inspection - Answer--Important nursing intervention for clients receiving
cytosine arabinoside to check for ulcerations.
Right upper quadrant pain - Answer--Pain in this area may indicate liver damage in
acetaminophen overdose cases.
Peak onset of scopolamine - Answer--Scopolamine has a peak onset in 6 hours.
Morphine administration - Answer--1 mg IV per hour basal rate with 1 mg IV every 15
minutes via PCA.
Cross-allergy - Answer--Exists between penicillins and cephalosporins, necessitating
allergy checks before administering cephalexin.
Hydration before chemotherapy - Answer--Important nursing intervention for clients
receiving cytosine arabinoside.
Numbness and tingling assessment - Answer--Important to assess in clients
receiving chemotherapy, though not the highest priority for cytosine arabinoside.
Change of scopolamine patch - Answer--Not needed every other day; the patch lasts
for 72 hours.
Client education for scopolamine - Answer--Instruct to apply the patch on a hairless
area behind the ear.
Glaucoma - Answer--Managed using adrenergic agents and beta-adrenergic
blocking agents.
Hypertension - Answer--Managed using beta-1 blocking agents.
Heart failure - Answer--Indicated for treatment with beta-1 agonists to improve
cardiac output.
, Asthma - Answer--Managed with medications that stimulate beta-2 receptors in the
bronchi.
Ibuprofen (Motrin) - Answer--600 mg PO 4 times a day for rheumatoid arthritis.
Misoprostol (Cytotec) - Answer--100 mcg PO prescribed to prevent gastrointestinal
bleeding.
Cytotec - Answer--A synthetic form of a prostaglandin classified as pregnancy
Category X.
Spironolactone (Aldactone) - Answer--A potassium-sparing diuretic that requires
dietary modifications.
Diet modification for heart failure with Aldactone - Answer--Refrain from eating foods
high in potassium.
Lactulose (Cephulac) - Answer--Administered to reduce blood ammonia by excretion
through stool.
Desired outcome of lactulose - Answer--Two or three soft stools per day indicate the
drug is performing as intended.
Naproxen (Naproxen) - Answer--Prescribed twice daily for osteoarthritis.
Effectiveness of Naproxen - Answer--Therapeutic blood levels are reached in 4 to 6
weeks.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - Answer--Individual responses to these drugs
are variable.
Potassium-sparing diuretic - Answer--A type of diuretic that helps retain potassium.
Pregnancy Category X - Answer--Indicates a drug that can cause fetal harm.
Gastrointestinal bleeding prevention - Answer--Cytotec is prescribed to prevent this
when taking NSAIDs.
Hyperkalemia - Answer--A condition to avoid when taking spironolactone.
Fluid intake restriction - Answer--Not indicated with the prescription of
spironolactone.
Diarrhea as a side effect - Answer--A common side effect of Cytotec.
Questions and Answers 100%
garanteed to pass!! (2026/2027)
Cephalexin monohydrate (Keflex) - Answer--A medication prescribed for
postoperative infections; important to check for penicillin allergy due to cross-allergy
with cephalosporins.
Cytosine arabinoside (Arc-C) - Answer--An antimetabolite used in chemotherapy;
key nursing intervention is to inspect the client's oral mucosa for ulcerations.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose - Answer--Most important to assess for pain in
the right upper quadrant of the abdomen due to potential liver damage.
Scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop) - Answer--An anticholinergic agent used to
prevent motion sickness; should be applied at least 4 hours prior to departure.
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump - Answer--Allows client to receive
morphine; priority assessment before use is the rate and depth of the client's
respirations.
Beta-1 agonist - Answer--Medication commonly prescribed for heart failure.
Morphine - Answer--An opiate narcotic administered via PCA; can cause respiratory
depression, requiring monitoring of respiratory rate.
Respiratory depression - Answer--A life-threatening side effect of intravenous
morphine, necessitating monitoring of respiratory rate.
Antimetabolite toxicity - Answer--Characterized by stomatitis and mucosal
ulcerations due to the effect on rapidly growing cells.
Transdermal patch duration - Answer--The duration of the scopolamine patch is 72
hours.
PCA pump maximum dosage - Answer--Client can receive a total of 5 mg IV
maximally per hour.
,IV fluids - Answer--Recommended to hydrate the client before and after infusion of
cytosine arabinoside.
Alcohol consumption - Answer--Clients using scopolamine should avoid alcohol as it
can enhance CNS depressant effects.
Pain assessment - Answer--Subjective and objective signs of pain are important to
evaluate before initiating PCA pump.
Oral mucosa inspection - Answer--Important nursing intervention for clients receiving
cytosine arabinoside to check for ulcerations.
Right upper quadrant pain - Answer--Pain in this area may indicate liver damage in
acetaminophen overdose cases.
Peak onset of scopolamine - Answer--Scopolamine has a peak onset in 6 hours.
Morphine administration - Answer--1 mg IV per hour basal rate with 1 mg IV every 15
minutes via PCA.
Cross-allergy - Answer--Exists between penicillins and cephalosporins, necessitating
allergy checks before administering cephalexin.
Hydration before chemotherapy - Answer--Important nursing intervention for clients
receiving cytosine arabinoside.
Numbness and tingling assessment - Answer--Important to assess in clients
receiving chemotherapy, though not the highest priority for cytosine arabinoside.
Change of scopolamine patch - Answer--Not needed every other day; the patch lasts
for 72 hours.
Client education for scopolamine - Answer--Instruct to apply the patch on a hairless
area behind the ear.
Glaucoma - Answer--Managed using adrenergic agents and beta-adrenergic
blocking agents.
Hypertension - Answer--Managed using beta-1 blocking agents.
Heart failure - Answer--Indicated for treatment with beta-1 agonists to improve
cardiac output.
, Asthma - Answer--Managed with medications that stimulate beta-2 receptors in the
bronchi.
Ibuprofen (Motrin) - Answer--600 mg PO 4 times a day for rheumatoid arthritis.
Misoprostol (Cytotec) - Answer--100 mcg PO prescribed to prevent gastrointestinal
bleeding.
Cytotec - Answer--A synthetic form of a prostaglandin classified as pregnancy
Category X.
Spironolactone (Aldactone) - Answer--A potassium-sparing diuretic that requires
dietary modifications.
Diet modification for heart failure with Aldactone - Answer--Refrain from eating foods
high in potassium.
Lactulose (Cephulac) - Answer--Administered to reduce blood ammonia by excretion
through stool.
Desired outcome of lactulose - Answer--Two or three soft stools per day indicate the
drug is performing as intended.
Naproxen (Naproxen) - Answer--Prescribed twice daily for osteoarthritis.
Effectiveness of Naproxen - Answer--Therapeutic blood levels are reached in 4 to 6
weeks.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - Answer--Individual responses to these drugs
are variable.
Potassium-sparing diuretic - Answer--A type of diuretic that helps retain potassium.
Pregnancy Category X - Answer--Indicates a drug that can cause fetal harm.
Gastrointestinal bleeding prevention - Answer--Cytotec is prescribed to prevent this
when taking NSAIDs.
Hyperkalemia - Answer--A condition to avoid when taking spironolactone.
Fluid intake restriction - Answer--Not indicated with the prescription of
spironolactone.
Diarrhea as a side effect - Answer--A common side effect of Cytotec.
