ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED AND 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS BRAND NEW EXAM ALREADY GRADED A+
Which condition is an example of an indirect lung injury that increases
the risk for developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
a. Near drowning
b. Aspiration
c. Pneumonia
d. Severe trauma Correct Answers d. Severe trauma
Rationale
Severe trauma results in inflammation, which can cause indirect injury
to the lungs and increase the risk for developing ARDS. Near drowning,
aspiration, and pneumonia result in direct lung injury.
Which pathophysiologic process occurs during the fibrotic phase of
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? Select all that apply.
a. Remodeling lung
b. Decreased lung compliance
c. Impairment of gas exchange
d. Development of pulmonary edema
e. Formation of hyaline membranes Correct Answers a. Remodeling
lung
b. Decreased lung compliance
c. Impairment of gas exchange
,Rationale
The fibrotic phase, also known as the chronic or late phase of ARDA,
occurs two to three weeks post-lung injury. The lung is completely
remodeled by this time with dense and fibrous tissues. The scarring and
fibrosis result in the decrease of lung compliance. Impairment in gas
exchange is significant because the interstitium is fibrotic in nature.
Pulmonary edema occurs in the initial exudative phase of ARDA as the
alveolar-pulmonary capillary membrane permeability increases and fluid
leaks into the alveoli. Formation of hyaline membranes also occurs in
the exudative phase as necrotic cells, proteins, and fibrin line the alveoli
forming membranes that slow gas exchange
During which phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) does
atelectasis occur dur to decreased synthesis of surfactant and inactivation
of existing surfactant?
a. Injury
b. Fibrotic
c. Proliferative
d. Refractory hypoxemic Correct Answers a. Injury
Rationale
During the injury phase (exudative phase), atelectasis occurs due to
decreased synthesis of surfactant and inactivation of existing surfactant.
During the proliferative phase, continue inflammation leads to damage
to the pulmonary vasculature, fibrosis, and further decreased
compliance. The fibrotic phase is characterized by remodeling of the
lung with collagenous and fibrous tissues. Refractory hypoxemia is not a
, stage of ARDS but is first noticed during the injury (exudative) phase as
the patient's hypoxemia continues to worsen despite use of high
concentration of oxygen.
Which position is used to decrease atelectasis and improve refractory
hypoxemia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)?
a. Prone position
b. Tripod position
c. Supine position
d. Lateral position Correct Answers a. Prone position
Rationale
Prone positioning helps to recruit alveoli in the posterior part of the lung,
which are compressed by the heart and mediastinal structures in the
supine position. In addition, prone positioning improvs blood flow to the
better ventilated anterior alveoli, improving ventilation-perfusion
mismatch. It is used in severe ARDS for patients with refractory
hypoxemia that has not responded to other actions. The tripod position is
helpful for patients with chronic obstructive lung disease to help to
expand the lung but would not be used on a patient receiving mechanical
ventilation. The supine position increases atelectasis in the posterior
chest and will not be helpful to a patient with refractory hypoxemia.
Lateral positioning may help to move respiratory secretions into large
airways and improve perfusion to better ventilated parts of the lung in
patients with diseases such as one-sided pneumonia but will not be used
to improve refractory hypoxemia in ARDS which affects all sections of
the lung.
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED AND 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS BRAND NEW EXAM ALREADY GRADED A+
Which condition is an example of an indirect lung injury that increases
the risk for developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
a. Near drowning
b. Aspiration
c. Pneumonia
d. Severe trauma Correct Answers d. Severe trauma
Rationale
Severe trauma results in inflammation, which can cause indirect injury
to the lungs and increase the risk for developing ARDS. Near drowning,
aspiration, and pneumonia result in direct lung injury.
Which pathophysiologic process occurs during the fibrotic phase of
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? Select all that apply.
a. Remodeling lung
b. Decreased lung compliance
c. Impairment of gas exchange
d. Development of pulmonary edema
e. Formation of hyaline membranes Correct Answers a. Remodeling
lung
b. Decreased lung compliance
c. Impairment of gas exchange
,Rationale
The fibrotic phase, also known as the chronic or late phase of ARDA,
occurs two to three weeks post-lung injury. The lung is completely
remodeled by this time with dense and fibrous tissues. The scarring and
fibrosis result in the decrease of lung compliance. Impairment in gas
exchange is significant because the interstitium is fibrotic in nature.
Pulmonary edema occurs in the initial exudative phase of ARDA as the
alveolar-pulmonary capillary membrane permeability increases and fluid
leaks into the alveoli. Formation of hyaline membranes also occurs in
the exudative phase as necrotic cells, proteins, and fibrin line the alveoli
forming membranes that slow gas exchange
During which phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) does
atelectasis occur dur to decreased synthesis of surfactant and inactivation
of existing surfactant?
a. Injury
b. Fibrotic
c. Proliferative
d. Refractory hypoxemic Correct Answers a. Injury
Rationale
During the injury phase (exudative phase), atelectasis occurs due to
decreased synthesis of surfactant and inactivation of existing surfactant.
During the proliferative phase, continue inflammation leads to damage
to the pulmonary vasculature, fibrosis, and further decreased
compliance. The fibrotic phase is characterized by remodeling of the
lung with collagenous and fibrous tissues. Refractory hypoxemia is not a
, stage of ARDS but is first noticed during the injury (exudative) phase as
the patient's hypoxemia continues to worsen despite use of high
concentration of oxygen.
Which position is used to decrease atelectasis and improve refractory
hypoxemia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)?
a. Prone position
b. Tripod position
c. Supine position
d. Lateral position Correct Answers a. Prone position
Rationale
Prone positioning helps to recruit alveoli in the posterior part of the lung,
which are compressed by the heart and mediastinal structures in the
supine position. In addition, prone positioning improvs blood flow to the
better ventilated anterior alveoli, improving ventilation-perfusion
mismatch. It is used in severe ARDS for patients with refractory
hypoxemia that has not responded to other actions. The tripod position is
helpful for patients with chronic obstructive lung disease to help to
expand the lung but would not be used on a patient receiving mechanical
ventilation. The supine position increases atelectasis in the posterior
chest and will not be helpful to a patient with refractory hypoxemia.
Lateral positioning may help to move respiratory secretions into large
airways and improve perfusion to better ventilated parts of the lung in
patients with diseases such as one-sided pneumonia but will not be used
to improve refractory hypoxemia in ARDS which affects all sections of
the lung.
