TCDHA HISTOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+
endoplasmic reticulum
- parallel membrane bound channels
- connected to CELL MEMBRANE, NUCLEAR MEMBRANE and
some organelles "HIGHWAY"
- function: modification, storage, segregation and transport of
proteins made by cells
rough er
- contains RIBOSOMES on outer surface
- protein molecule can be transported to golgi appartus for
further processing
smooth er
- NO RIBOSOMES
- contains enzymes involved in manufacturing various LIPID
molecules and STEROID HORMONES
histology
,study of microscopic structure and function of cells and
tissues
cell
- smallest unit in the body
- interact w extracellular environment thru active processes
(active transport - uses energy)
pinocytosis
cell DRINKING
phagocytosis
cell EATING
cell membrane
- "gate keeper" SURROUNDS the cell
- composed of phospholipid bilayer and proteins
- semipermeable (selective what goes in and out)
phospholipids (in membrane)
act as diffusion (passing of materials thru membrane)
regulators
proteins (in membrane)
- structural reinforcements and receptors for certain
hormones, neurotransmitters and immunoglobin (antibodies)
cytoplasm
,aka cytosol
- clear liquid, includes organelles, inclusions and
spaces/cavities called VACUOLES
organelles
- metabolically active specialized structures
- major: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi appartus
- lysosomes
- cytoskeleton
nucleus
- LARGEST, densest
- production of GENETIC material (DNA and RNA), site of
synthesis for ribosomes
- usually single but can be binucleated or multinucleated
binucleated cells
cardiac muscle cells, parenchyma liver cells
multinucleated cells
- osteoclasts, skeletal muscle cells
components of a nucleus
- nucleolus,
- chromatin,
- nucleoplasm,
- nuclear envelope
nucleolus
, produces RNA and nucleotides of 2 other types of RNA
chromatin (form of DNA)
contains chromosomes
nuclear envelope
double layered membrane
ribosomes
particles composed of protein and RNA which synthesize
protein "PROTEIN FACTORIES"
golgi apparatus
- "CHEMICAL PROCESSING & PACKAGING centre"
- second largest organelle
- a stack of 3-20 flattened membranous sacs
- function: sorts, condenses, packages and delivers proteins
from the RER
- attached to membrane and release via EXOCYTOSIS
mitochondria
"POWERHOUSE"
- 2 membranes (inner is folded to increase SA forming
CRISTAE)
- most numerous
WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+
endoplasmic reticulum
- parallel membrane bound channels
- connected to CELL MEMBRANE, NUCLEAR MEMBRANE and
some organelles "HIGHWAY"
- function: modification, storage, segregation and transport of
proteins made by cells
rough er
- contains RIBOSOMES on outer surface
- protein molecule can be transported to golgi appartus for
further processing
smooth er
- NO RIBOSOMES
- contains enzymes involved in manufacturing various LIPID
molecules and STEROID HORMONES
histology
,study of microscopic structure and function of cells and
tissues
cell
- smallest unit in the body
- interact w extracellular environment thru active processes
(active transport - uses energy)
pinocytosis
cell DRINKING
phagocytosis
cell EATING
cell membrane
- "gate keeper" SURROUNDS the cell
- composed of phospholipid bilayer and proteins
- semipermeable (selective what goes in and out)
phospholipids (in membrane)
act as diffusion (passing of materials thru membrane)
regulators
proteins (in membrane)
- structural reinforcements and receptors for certain
hormones, neurotransmitters and immunoglobin (antibodies)
cytoplasm
,aka cytosol
- clear liquid, includes organelles, inclusions and
spaces/cavities called VACUOLES
organelles
- metabolically active specialized structures
- major: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi appartus
- lysosomes
- cytoskeleton
nucleus
- LARGEST, densest
- production of GENETIC material (DNA and RNA), site of
synthesis for ribosomes
- usually single but can be binucleated or multinucleated
binucleated cells
cardiac muscle cells, parenchyma liver cells
multinucleated cells
- osteoclasts, skeletal muscle cells
components of a nucleus
- nucleolus,
- chromatin,
- nucleoplasm,
- nuclear envelope
nucleolus
, produces RNA and nucleotides of 2 other types of RNA
chromatin (form of DNA)
contains chromosomes
nuclear envelope
double layered membrane
ribosomes
particles composed of protein and RNA which synthesize
protein "PROTEIN FACTORIES"
golgi apparatus
- "CHEMICAL PROCESSING & PACKAGING centre"
- second largest organelle
- a stack of 3-20 flattened membranous sacs
- function: sorts, condenses, packages and delivers proteins
from the RER
- attached to membrane and release via EXOCYTOSIS
mitochondria
"POWERHOUSE"
- 2 membranes (inner is folded to increase SA forming
CRISTAE)
- most numerous
